ELI - Contents by keywords

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Contents by keywords

Topics in Earthlearningidea activities are listed alphabetically under ’Keywords’.
ELI+ activities require some basic school laboratory equipment or include some abstract ideas

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W

Keywords - alphabetical	Name of Activity
A
Absolute dating	1. Working out the age of the Earth - moving backwards as time moved forwards 2. Radioactive dating Video
Acid test for minerals	Mineral expert - 2 Teaching video
Adaptations to environment	1. Fifty million years into the future Box School animals 2. Sea shell survival Teaching video 3. How many Beany Beetles? - the evolution game
Age of the Earth	Geological time (ELI category)
Agriculture - adaptation to climate change	Adaptation of agriculture
Aggregate	Roadstone - which rock?
Airey isostasy hypothesis	Isostasy 1 (ELI+) Teaching video
Ammonite	1. Who ate the ammonite? Extension 2. Ammonites: the ups and downs
Anning, Mary	Mary Anning - Mother of Palaeontology Teaching video
Anthropocene	Geological time and the Anthropocene?
Anticline - antiform	1. Banana benders Video 2. Swiss roll surgery 3. Right way up or upside down? - modelling anti- and synforms by hand 4. Visualising plunging folds - with your hands and a piece of paper 5. Picturing tectonic structures - folding 6. Folds and faults with puff pastry and chocolate
Aquifer	Make your own aquifer - 1 with sponges Teaching video Make your own aquifer - 2 The London Basin Teaching video
Art	1. Geo-art: paintings to sculptures inspired by all things ‘geo’ 2. Earthquakes in art
Asteroid	Natural hazards in your area?
Asthenosphere	Journey to the centre of the Earth - on a toilet roll Teaching video
Astronomy	Astronomical umbrella
Atlantic Ocean - opening	Continental split - the opening of the Atlantic Ocean Video
Atmosphere; one of Earth’s four interacting spheres	What am I made of? (ELI+)
Atmosphere - evolution	Earth’s atmosphere - step by step evolution (ELI+)
Atmosphere and ocean - investigating fluid movement	1. High flow, low flow? - atmosphere and ocean in a tank Extension Teaching video 2. Atmosphere and ocean in a lunchbox 3. Rubber ducks at sea
Atoms	1. ‘Tag’ a carbon atom - and explore the carbon cycle 2. ‘Tagging’ nitrogen atoms - and explore the nitrogen cycle
Atomic lattices - crystal growth	1. Unfair ’build your own crystal’ race (ELI+) 2. ’Crystallisation’ in a pudding dish Teaching video 3. Building silicates (crystal size in magma & in recrystallisation in solid rock)
Avalanche	1. High flow, low flow? - atmosphere and ocean in a tank Extension Teaching video 2. Atmosphere and ocean in a lunchbox
B
Batteries	Advances in battery technology
Bedding	1. Fieldwork: Interactive re-creation 2. Catastrophic processes - beds 3. How do sedimentary beds form? 4. Wriggling toes on ancient bedding planes
Biodiversity	Continents versus biodiversity (ELI+)
Biofuels	1. Biofuels 2. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
Biosphere; one of Earth’s four interacting spheres	What am I made of? (ELI+)
Bivalves - adaptations to habitats	Sea shell survival Teaching video
Black smokers	Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+)
Bog bodies	Bog bodies
Boreholes	Boring chocolate!
Borings - trace fossils	Trace fossils - burrows or borings Teaching video
Bowen's Reaction Series	Partial melting model and real rock (ELI+)
Brine	Why is the Dead Sea dead?
Building insulation (‘net zero’ emissions target)	Building insulation
Building materials	Rock around your school (investigating building materials) Teaching video (ELI Early years)
Building stones - resource	Building stones 1
Building stones - igneous rocks	Building stones 2 - igneous
Building stones - metamorphic rocks	Building stones 4 - metamorphic
Building stones - sedimentary rocks	Building stones 3 - sedimentary
Buildings and earthquakes	1. Shaken but not stirred? Teaching video 2. Modelling earthquake wave amplification Video
Burgess Shale, Canada	Curious creatures Video (Cambrian explosion song)
Burrows - trace fossils	Trace fossils - burrows or borings Teaching video
C
Calcium carbonate	Calcium carbonate misconceptions
Caldera	Collapsing volcanoes - cauldron subsidence (ELI+)
Cambrian explosion of life	Curious creatures Video (Cambrian explosion song)
Carbon atom	‘Tag’ a carbon atom - and explore the carbon cycle
Carbon capture	Capturing carbon?
Carbon cycle - making your own	Carbon goes round and round and round
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere	Earth’s atmosphere - step by step evolution (ELI+)
Carbon ’thought experiments’	1. ‘Tag’ a carbon atom - and explore the carbon cycle 2. Space survival: how could we survive a year in a dome?
Carbon cycle through the window ’thought experiment’	Carbon cycle through the window
Carnivore/herbivore relationships	Who ate the ammonite? Extension
Catastrophic processes	1. Catastrophic processes - beds 2. Catastrophic natural processes
Cauldron subsidence	Collapsing volcanoes - cauldron subsidence (ELI+)
Cementation	Make your own rock Extension Teaching video
Chalk	1. Geological postcards 1 - granite and chalk Teaching video ‘Global’ postcards extension 2. Calcium carbonate misconceptions
Changing state - water	Water - changing state Teaching video
Chemistry; a comparison between the human body and the rest of the Earth	What am I made of? (ELI+)
Classification - introduction	1. Found in the ground (ELI Early years) Teaching video 2. Pirates and buried treasure (ELI Early years) Teaching video 3. Rock Explorer (ELI Early years) Teaching video
Clay - investigating shrinkage	Testing rocks 3 - that shrinking feeling
Clay - testing the plasticity	Testing rocks 2 - ’Splat!’
Cleavage in minerals	Mineral expert - 1 Teaching video
Climate change Also 'net zero' series below	1. Oxygen isotope sweet simulation (ELI+) 2. Interpret Earth temperatures from simulated deep-sea and ice cores (ELI+) 3. Oxygen thermometers (ELI+) 4. Ice core evidence for climate change (ELI+) 5. Back in time 6. Modelling tipping points – by hands 7. Measuring climate change 8. Greenhouse effect 9. Greenhouse effect in a bottle 10. Melting ice and sea level change 1 - sea ice melts Teaching video 11. Melting ice and sea level change 2 - ice caps melt Teaching video 12. Sea level in a plastic cup 13. Ocean acidification - The other CO₂ problem
Climate change: ‘net zero’ emissions target	1.How will the ‘net-zero’ target affect your local area? 2. Harnessing the power of the Sun 3. Harnessing the power of waves 4. Farming the wind - through onshore and offshore windfarms 5. Tidal energy 8. Nuclear power 7. Nuclear waste disposal 8. Biofuels 9. Blue Hydrogen - the fuel of the future? 10. Hydrogen of many colours 11. Geothermal power from ‘hot dry’ rocks 12. A new use for old coal mines 13. Small-scale hydroelectric power schemes 14. Ground source heat pumps 15. Energy from burning waste 16. Energy from buried waste 17. Capturing carbon? 18. Advances in battery technology 19. Green hydrogen 20. Storing water power 21. Gas storage underground 22. Electric vehicles - the way to go? Video 23. Building insulation 24. Enhanced weathering Extension 25. Let’s plant some trees 26. How will rising sea level affect our coastlines? 27. Inland flooding: a Sheffield case study 28. Landslide danger 29. The future for global agriculture
Clinometer (DIY)	DIY Dip and strike model (ELI+)
Coal (power source)	Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension A new use for old coal mines
Coasts, erosion, transportation, deposition	1. Changing coastlines 2. Coastal erosion
Cobalt	Essential minerals - cobalt
Colour of the world in the past	What colour was the world in the past?
Colour of minerals	Mineral expert - 1 Teaching video
Compression (see also Stresses in the Earth)	1. Modelling Earth stresses with your hands 2. Squeezed out of shape Teaching video 3. Deformed trilobites Video 4. Himalayas in 30 seconds! Extension Teaching video Video 5. Banana benders Video
Condensation	1. Mini-world water cycle Teaching video Extension 2. Watery World Game (ELI Early years)
Conduction - water cycle	Cycling water and heat in the lab - and the globe (ELI+)
Conical hill	Geological mapwork from scratch 1: a conical hill (ELI+)
Conservation	Take it or leave it? - the geoconservation debate
Conservative or sliding plate margin	1. Plate tectonics through the window (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Mars^TM margins - diverged, converged and transformed Video 3. Slip-sliding away
Constructive plate margin	1. ’Mantle plume’ in a beaker (ELI+) 2. Plate tectonics through the window (ELI+) Teaching video 3. Continental split - the opening of the Atlantic Ocean Video 4. Faults in a Mars^TM Bar Video 5. Mars^TM margins - diverged, converged and transformed Video
Consumers/producers	Who ate the ammonite?
Continental drift	1. Continental jigsaw puzzle (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Earth time jigsaw puzzle 3. Wegener’s ’Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ’Plate tectonics’ (ELI+) 4. Continental split - the opening of the Atlantic Ocean Video 5. Did the continents move for you? (ELI+) Video Extension 6. Wandering continents
Continents/oceans patterns	Continents versus biodiversity (ELI+)
Convection - water cycle	Cycling water and heat in the lab - and the globe (ELI+)
Convergent plate margin	1. Continents in collision (ELI+) Extension Teaching video 2. Plate tectonics through the window (ELI+) Teaching video Video (Oxford Sparks) 3. Mars^TM margins - diverged, converged and transformed Video
Cooling rates - crystal growth	1. Unfair ’build your own crystal’ race (ELI+) 2. Building silicates (crystal size in magma & in recrystallisation in solid rock)
Copper	Essential minerals - copper
Coral atoll formation	Darwin’s ’big coral atoll idea’ Video
Core of the Earth	1. A core activity (ELI+) 2. From an orange to the whole Earth Teaching video Video (Portuguese introduction) 3. From clay balls to the structure of the Earth (ELI+) Extension Teaching video 4. The heat is on (heat transfer from the core outwards) 5. Effect of Earth’s core on earthquake waves 6. Magnetic Manchester
Cores: ice and deep sea	1. Oxygen isotope sweet simulation (ELI+) 2. Interpret Earth temperatures from simulated deep-sea and ice cores (ELI+) 3. Oxygen thermometers (ELI+)
Cracks; sedimentary and igneous structures - modelling cracks by drying and cooling	Cracking the clues
Craters	Craters on the Moon Extension Impact calculator Video (Portuguese introduction)
Critical minerals for the Green Revolution	Essential minerals - critical minerals
Cross-bedding	1. Sedimentary structures - cross-bedding and ancient currents Teaching video 2. Sedimentary structures - cross-bedding and ’way-up’ Teaching video 3. Make your own cross-bedding Teaching video 4. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life 5. Fieldwork: Interactive re-creation 6. Picturing puzzle structures
Cross-curricular topics	1. Geo-art: paintings to sculptures inspired by all things ‘geo’ 2. Geo-literature: poems and stories inspired by all things ‘geo’ 3. Geo-music - music inspired by all things ‘geo’ Extension 4. Earthquakes in art 5. Back in time 6. Rocks music Extension Sound - Rock xylophone
Cross sections	Geological mapwork from scratch 1: a conical hill (ELI+) Geological mapwork from scratch 2: valley with simple geology (ELI+) Geological mapwork from scratch 3: valley with dipping geology (ELI+)
Crust of the Earth	Journey to the centre of the Earth - on a toilet roll Teaching video
Crystal formation - salt	Salt of the Earth Extension
Crystal growth and lattices	1. Unfair ’build your own crystal’ race (ELI+) 2. ’Crystallisation’ in a pudding dish Teaching video 3. Building silicates (crystal size in magma & in recrystallisation in solid rock)
Crystallisation - igneous rocks	1. Why do igneous rocks have different crystal sizes? (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Unfair ’build your own crystal’ race (ELI+) 3. ’Crystallisation’ in a pudding dish Teaching video 4. Building silicates (crystal size in magma & in recrystallisation in solid rock)
Cuesta	Geological mapwork from models 2: cuesta with simple geology (ELI+)
Currents	1. Sedimentary structures - cross-bedding and ancient currents Teaching video 2. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life 3. Make your own cross-bedding Teaching video
D
Darwin, Charles	1. Darwin’s ‘big coral atoll idea’ Video 2. Darwin’s ‘big soil idea’ Video 3. How many Beany Beetles? - the evolution game
Dating the Earth	1. Working out the age of the Earth - moving backwards as time moved forwards 2. Dating the Earth - Charles Lyell and Mount Etna 1828 3. Radioactive dating Video
Day/Night	Earth on Earth - how day/night and the seasons work
Deformation of rocks	1. Squeezed out of shape Teaching video 2. Deformed trilobites Video 3. Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: deformation and metamorphism Teaching video
Deformation of the mantle	Bouncing, bending, breaking (ELI+) Teaching video
Density current - turbidity current	1. High flow, low flow? - atmosphere and ocean in a tank Extension Teaching video 2. Atmosphere and ocean in a lunchbox
Density - Earth	1. From an orange to the whole Earth Teaching video Video (Portuguese introduction) 2. A core activity (ELI+) 3. Isostasy 1 (ELI+) Teaching video
Density - minerals	1. Jigging Teaching video 2. Riches in the river Extension 3. Gold panning Teaching video 4. Eureka! - detecting ore the Archimedes way 5. Mineral expert - 2 Teaching video
Density - rocks and minerals - simple measurement	Eureka! - detecting ore the Archimedes way
Density - water of different salinities	1. Why is the Dead Sea dead? 2. Current flows through straits (Marsili model)
Deposition by rivers	1. Mighty river in a small gutter Extension Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years) 2. Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years) 3. From river sediment to stripy rocks 4. Lego^TM bricks and sedimentary processes
Deposition by the sea	Changing coastlines
Deposition by wind	Dust bowl Extension
Depositional environments	1. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life 2. What layers are preserved?
Desiccation cracks	1. Cracking the clues 2. Picturing puzzle structures
Destructive plate margin	1. Continents in collision (ELI+) Extension Teaching video 2. Plate tectonics through the window (ELI+) Teaching video Video (Oxford Sparks) 3. Mars^TM margins - diverged, converged and transformed Video
Dinosaur activities	1. Dinosaur death - did it die or was it killed? 2. Dig up the dinosaur Extension Video 3. Dinosaur in the yard Extension 4. Meeting of the dinosaurs - 100 million years ago Teaching video Extension 5. How to weigh a dinosaur 6. Let’s weigh that dinosaur! 7. Dinosaur extinction
Dip and apparent dip	DIY Dip and strike model (ELI+)
Dipping geological beds	Geological mapwork from scratch 3: valley with dipping geology (ELI+)
Divergent plate margin	1. ’Mantle plume’ in a beaker (ELI+) 2. Plate tectonics through the window (ELI+) Teaching video 3. Continental split - the opening of the Atlantic Ocean Video 4. Faults in a Mars^TM Bar Teaching video 5. Mars^TM margins - diverged, converged and transformed Video
Drumlin	Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets
Dykes - radial, volcanic intrusion	Volcanoes and radial dykes (ELI+)
E
Earth - age	1. Working out the age of the Earth - moving backwards as time moved forwards 2. The origin of the Earth - at arm’s length
Earth in space	Playground planets Extension
Earth - magnetic field	1. Magnetic Earth (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Human magnets! (ELI+) 3. Magnetic Manchester
Earth - orbit and spin	Screaming roller coaster
Earth - properties	Bauble quiz - festive fun for everyone
Earthquakes	1. Quake shake - will my home collapse? Extension Columns in Rome Teaching video Video 2. Earthquake prediction - when will the earthquake strike? Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years) 3. Earthquake through the window - what would you see, what would you feel? 4. Surviving an earthquake Teaching video Video 5. Earthquake in your classroom 6. Shaken but not stirred? Teaching video 7. Modelling earthquake wave amplification Video 8. Earthquakes in art 9. Spaghetti quakes Teaching video 10. Slinky seismic waves demo Teaching video 11. Natural hazards in your area? 12. Catastrophic natural processes 13. Slip-sliding away 14. Effect of Earth’s core on earthquake waves
Earthquakes - body waves	1. Waves in the Earth 1 - the slinky simulation (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Waves in the Earth 2 - Human molecules (ELI+) Teaching video 3. Merry waves - all year round (ELI+) 4. Slinky seismic waves demo Teaching video
Earthquakes and volcanoes - plate tectonics	Geobattleships (ELI+) Teaching video
Earth science out of doors	Earth science out of doors: preserving the evidence
Earth - structure	1. From clay balls to the structure of the Earth (ELI+) Extension Teaching video 2. Effect of Earth’s core on earthquake waves
Eclipses	1. Eclipse the lollipop 2. Why does the sun disappear? 3. Eclipse from the moon?
Electric vehicles (‘net zero’ emissions target)	Electric vehicles - the way to go?
Electrical resistance	Electrical ground probing
Elements - chemical	What am I made of? (ELI+)
Elements needed to sustain life	Rocks to eat?
Energy consumption	Mineral expert 4 - Recycle your mobile phone
Energy sources Also, please refer to Climate change ‘net zero’ emissions target	1. Power through the window 2. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension 3. Plugging future global energy gap? 4. Future power: predicting future power sources (ELI+)
Energy transfer - water cycle	Cycling water and heat in the lab - and the globe (ELI+)
Engineering geology - investigating shrinkage of clay	Testing rocks 3 - that shrinking feeling
Engineering geology - testing rocks for strength	Testing rocks 1 - bouncing back
Engineering geology - testing the plasticity of clay	Testing rocks 2 - ’Splat!’
Environments	1. Fieldwork: Applying ’the present is the key to the past’ Teaching video 2. Environmental detective 3. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life 4. Fieldwork: Environmental evaluation 5. Now and then 6. Fifty million years into the future Box School animals 7. Take it or leave it? - the geoconservation debate 8. So, you want to conserve a geodiversity site 9. View to the future – and the past 10. Climate on arrival 11. What layers are preserved? 12. Playground continents
Equinox	1. Hot or not 2. Earth on Earth 3. Seasons: the effect of our tilted Earth
Erosion / weathering - misconceptions	Teacher - ‘What’s the difference between weathering and erosion?’
Erosion - rocks and shells	1. Rock, rattle and roll Extension - using maps Teaching video Video (Portuguese introduction) 2. Shell shake - survival of the toughest Video 3. When are soft rocks tough, and hard rocks weak? 4. Recreating the rocks
Erosion by ice	Grinding and gouging Video (Portuguese introduction)
Erosion by rivers	1. Mighty river in a small gutter Extension Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years 2. Bucket for a pothole: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+) 3. Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years) 4. Lego^TM bricks and sedimentary processes 5. How can storms affect erosion rates?
Erosion by the sea	1. Changing coastlines 2. How can storms affect erosion rates? 3. Coastal erosion
Erosion by wind	1. Dust bowl Extension 2. How can storms affect erosion rates?
Erosion - fieldwork	Questions for any rock face - erosion Teaching video
Erosion - soil	Why does soil get washed away? Extension Video Teaching video (ages 7 to 11 years)
Eurypterids	Scary scorpions
European Macroseismic Scale (EMS)	Earthquake in your classroom
Evaporation	1. Mini-world water cycle Teaching video Extension 2. Watery World Game (ELI Early years)
Evaporation and salt crystal-formation	Salt of the Earth Extension
Evolution of Earth’s atmosphere	Earth’s atmosphere - step by step evolution (ELI+)
Evolution of life	1. Time-line in your own backyard Extension Teaching video Video 2. Toilet roll of time Video 3. How many Great Great Great Great Grandparents? Teaching video 4. How many Beany Beetles? - the evolution game Teaching video 5. Curious creatures Video (Cambrian explosion song) 6. Fifty million years into the future Box School animals 7. Continents versus biodiversity (ELI+)
Evolution - theory	Evolution of evolution (ELI+)
Extinction	Dinosaur extinction
Extractive industry	Quarry through the window - what would you see, what would you not see?
F
Faults - fluids and movement	Fluids, friction and failure Teaching video
Faults - mapwork from models	1. Geological mapwork from models 6: plain with faults in the direction of dip (ELI+) 2. Geological mapwork from models 7: plain with faults parallel to the outcrops of the beds (ELI+) 3. Geological mapwork from models 8: plain with different types of fault (ELI+)
Faults	1. Valley in 30 seconds! Teaching video 1 Teaching video 2 Video Extension 2. Banana benders Video 3. Swiss roll surgery 4. Fieldwork: Interactive re-creation 5. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 8 - faults 6. Modelling faulting - by hand 7. Modelling by hand ‘when the youngest rock is not on top’ 8. Faults in a Mars^TM Bar 9. Picturing tectonic structures - 1 faulting 10. Slip-sliding away
Father of English Geology - William Smith	William Smith - ’The Father of English Geology’ (ELI+) Extension
Fieldwork	1. Applying ’the present is the key to the past’ 2. Earth science out of doors; preserving the evidence 3. Environmental evaluation 4. Interactive re-creation 5. Questions for any rock face - planning Teaching video 6. Questions for any rock face 1: weathering Teaching video 7. Questions for any rock face 2: erosion Teaching video 8. Questions for any rock face 3: soil Teaching video 9. Questions for any rock face 4: rock group (sedimentary or igneous) Teaching video 10. Questions for any rock face 5: sedimentary grains Teaching video 11. Questions for any rock face 6: fossils 12. Questions for any rock face 7: tilted or folded rocks Teaching video 13. Questions for any rock face 8: faults 14. Questions for any rock face 9: metamorphic rock 15. Questions for any rock face 10: sequencing geological events Teaching video 16. Questions for any rock face 11: tectonic plates Teaching video 17. Questions for any rock face 12: potential of the quarry or cutting Teaching video 18. Questions for any rock face 13: quarry economics Teaching video 19. Questions for any rock face 14: recording data Teaching video 20. Now and then 21. Rock around school (investigating building materials) Teaching video 22. Rocks from the big screen 23. Safety: The ‘What could hurt you here?’ approach to field safety 24. The ‘All powerful’ strategy 25. The view from the site 26. The ‘What makes a good educational experience’ approach to planning fieldwork (ELI for Educators) 26. Urban fieldwork Teaching video
Fishing game	Fishing game - beware of overfishing
Flame structures - sedimentary structures	1. Sedimentary structures - load casts Teaching video 2. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life
Floods	1. Flood through the window - what would you see, what would you feel? Extension 2. Natural hazards in your area? 3. Inland flooding: a Sheffield case study 4. How will rising sea level affect our coastlines?
Fluids and friction	Fluids, friction and failure Teaching video
Fluids - hydrothermal	Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+)
Fold mountains / folded rocks	1. Himalayas in 30 seconds! Extension Teaching video Video 2. Margarine mountain-building 3. Banana benders Video 4. Continents in collision (ELI+) Extension Teaching video 5. Fieldwork: Interactive re-creation 6. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 7 - tilted or folded rocks Teaching video 7. Geological mapwork from models 5: folded geology on block models (ELI+) 8. Opengeoscience 2: tilted and folded rocks (ELI+) 9. Swiss roll surgery 10. View from above 11. From folds to crustal shortening: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+) 12. Modelling by hand ‘when the youngest rock is not on top’ 13. Modelling folding - by hand 14. Right way up or upside down? - modelling anti- and synforms by hand 15. Visualising plunging folds - with your hands and a piece of paper 16. Jelly Babies^TM and 3D maps (ELI+) 17. Recreating the rocks 18. Picturing tectonic structures - folding 19. Folds and faults with puff pastry and chocolate
Food chain - Jurassic	Who ate the ammonite?
Food web - Jurassic	Who ate the ammonite?
Forensic geoscience - Cretaceous crime scene	Dinosaur death - did it die or was it killed?
Forensic geoscience - People smuggling	Innocent until proven guilty (ELI+)
Fossils	1. Fossil or not? Teaching video 2. Fossilise! - fossil game (ELI Early years) 3. How could I become fossilised? Extension Teaching video 4. Mary Anning - Mother of Palaeontology Teaching video 5. Running the fossilisation film backwards Teaching video 6. What was it like to be there? - bringing a fossil to life Teaching video Get geo-creative 7. Cambrian - Curious creatures Video (Cambrian explosion song) 8. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 6 - fossils 9. Playground continents 10. Picturing fossils 1 11. Picturing fossils 2
Fossils - trace	1. Dinosaur in the yard Extension 2. Meeting of the dinosaurs - 100 million years ago Teaching video Extension 3. Trail-making 4. Trace fossils - burrows or borings Teaching video 5. Picturing trace fossils
Fossil collecting	Take it or leave it? - the geoconservation debate
Fossil record	Shell shake - survival of the toughest Video
Fossil/rock/mineral/other	1. Found in the ground Teaching video 2. Sensory treasure hunt Teaching video
Fracking	1. Recipe for the perfect fracking fluid 2. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
Freeze - thaw physical weathering	1. Freeze-thaw weathering Teaching video 2. Ice Power (ELI+)
Friction and fluids	Fluids, friction and failure Teaching video
G
Gangue minerals	Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+)
Gas (power source)	1. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension 2. Gas storage underground
Gases in the atmosphere	Earth’s atmosphere - step by step evolution (ELI+)
Geo-inspired creations	1. Geo-art: paintings to sculptures inspired by all things ‘geo’ 2. Geo-literature: poems and stories inspired by all things ‘geo’ 3. Geo-music - music inspired by all things ‘geo’ Extension 4. Earthquakes in art 5. Rocks music Extension Sound - Rock xylophone
Geoconservation	1. Take it or leave it? - the geoconservation debate 2. So, you want to conserve a geodiversity site
Geodiversity	So, you want to conserve a geodiversity site
Geological garden	Rocky play-park; design your own
Geological history	1. What is the geological history? Extension 2. Fieldwork: the ‘All powerful’ strategy 3. Fieldwork - Questions for any rock face 10: sequencing geological events Teaching video
Geological laws and principles	Laying down the principles Teaching video
Geological map - first of England, Wales and part of Scotland	William Smith - ’The Father of English Geology’ (ELI+) Extension
Geological maps	1. Opengeoscience 1: igneous intrusions and lavas (ELI+) 2. Opengeoscience 2: tilted and folded rocks (ELI+) 3. Using surface geology to make a geological map (ELI+) 4. Jelly Babies^TM and 3D maps (ELI+)
Geological mapwork from scratch	1: a conical hill (ELI+) 2: valley with simple geology (ELI+) 3: valley with dipping geology (ELI+)
Geological mapwork from models	1: plain with simple geology (ELI+) 2: cuesta with simple geology (ELI+) 3: valley with horizontal floor (ELI+) 4: sloping ridge and valley (ELI+) 5: folded geology on block models (ELI+) 6: plain with faults in the direction of dip (ELI+) 7: plain with faults parallel to the outcrops of the beds (ELI+) 8: plain with different types of fault (ELI+)
Geological Time	please refer to category
Geomorphology	1. Picturing landforms 1 2. Picturing landforms 2 3. Picturing landforms 3 4. Picturing landforms 4: Mass Movement A 5. Picturing landforms 5: Mass Movement B
Geophysics	1. From clay balls to the structure of the Earth (ELI+) Extension Teaching video 2. Effect of Earth’s core on earthquake waves 3. Electrical ground probing 4. Modelling remote sensing geophysics (ELI+)
Geothermal power	1. Rock power: geothermal power simulations (ELI+) 2. Geothermal power from ‘hot dry’ rocks 3. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
Glacial erosion	1. Grinding and gouging Video (Portuguese introduction) 2. Ice-thickness from scratch: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
Glacial landscapes	1. Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets 2. Modelling by hand ‘when the youngest rock is not on top’
Glacial moraine	1. Dam burst danger 2. Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets
Glacial rebound	Isostasy 2; ‘bouncing back’ after the ice (ELI+) Teaching video
Glaciers	Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets
Glaciers - movement along bed	Fluids, friction and failure Teaching video
Gold	Essential minerals - gold
Gold prospecting	Gold prospectors Teaching video
Golden spike	Geological time and the Anthropocene?
Graded bedding	1. Sedimentary structures - graded bedding Teaching video 2. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life 3. Picturing puzzle structures
Grains - sedimentary	1. Rock detective - rocky clues to the past Teaching video Teaching video (ages 7 to 11 years) 2. Modelling for rocks - what’s hidden inside and why? Teaching video 3. Questions for any rock face 5: sedimentary grains Teaching video 4. ‘A World in a grain of sand’ Teaching video
Granite landscapes	Geological postcards 1 - granite and chalk Teaching video ‘Global’ postcards extension
Graphite	Essential minerals - graphite
Gravestones	Will my gravestone last? Teaching video
Gravity anomalies	Modelling remote sensing geophysics (ELI+)
Greenhouse effect	1. Greenhouse effect 2. Greenhouse effect in a bottle
Ground heat pumps (power source)	1. Ground source heat pumps 2. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
Ground probing	Electrical ground probing
Groundwater flow	From rain to spring: water from the ground Extension Teaching video Video
Groundwater pH	Watery world of underground chemistry (ELI+) Teaching video
Groundwater pollution simulation	From rain to spring: water from the ground Extension Teaching video Video
Groundwater - wells	Well, well, well!
Gypsum	Make and use your own Plaster of Paris
H
Habit - crystals	Mineral expert - 1 Teaching video
Hardness of minerals	Mineral expert - 2 Teaching video
Heat transfer from Earth’s core outwards	The heat is on
Herbivore/carnivore relationships	Who ate the ammonite?
Historical geology - principles	Laying down the principles Teaching video
Historical geology - sequencing events	What is the geological history? Extension
Hotspots	1. Hotspots (ELI+) 2. Plate margins and movement by hand Teaching video
How Science works - Mary Anning	Mary Anning - Mother of Palaeontology Teaching video
How Science works - Charles Darwin	1. Darwin’s ’big coral atoll idea’ Video 2. Darwin’s ’big soil idea’
How Science works - James Hutton	James Hutton - or ’Mr. Rock Cycle’? (ELI+) Rock cycle song
How Science works - Charles Lyell	Dating the Earth - Charles Lyell and Mount Etna 1828
How Science works - Luigi Marsili	Current flows through straits (Marsili model)
How Science works - William Smith	William Smith - ’The Father of English Geology’ (ELI+) Extension
How Science works - Marie Tharp	Marie Tharp: ‘A woman scientist in a man’s world’ Extension
How Science works - Alfred Wegener	Wegener’s ’Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ’Plate tectonics’ (ELI+)
Humus - in soils	1. Make your own soil Teaching video 2. Soil layers puzzle
Hurricane	Natural hazards in your area?
Hutton, James - rock cycle	1. James Hutton - or ’Mr. Rock Cycle’? (ELI+) Rock cycle song 2. Filling the gap – picturing the unconformity ‘abyss of time’?
Hydroelectric HEP (power source)	1. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension 2. Small-scale hydroelectric power schemes 3. Storing water power
Hydrogen as an energy source	1. Blue hydrogen - the fuel of the future? 2. Green hydrogen used to even out renewable energy supplies? 3. Hydrogen of many colours
Hydrosphere; one of Earth’s four interacting spheres	What am I made of? (ELI+)
Hydrostatic pressure	Water pressure - underground (ELI+)
Hydrothermal fluids	Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+)
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Ice age	1. Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets 2. Isostasy 2; ‘bouncing back’ after the ice (ELI+) Teaching video
Ice cores and Earth's temperatures	1. Oxygen isotope sweet simulation (ELI+) 2. Interpret Earth temperatures from simulated deep-sea and ice cores (ELI+) 3. Ice core evidence for climate change (ELI+) 4. Oxygen thermometers (ELI+)
Ice - changing state	1. Water - changing state Teaching video 2. Ice power (ELI+) 3. Melting ice and sea level change 1 - sea ice melts Teaching video 4. Melting ice and sea level change 2 - ice caps melt Teaching video
Ice - erosion	1. Grinding and gouging Video (Portuguese introduction) 2. Ice-thickness from scratch: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
Ice sheets	Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets
Igneous intrusions on geological maps	Opengeoscience 1 (ELI+)
Igneous processes	Volcano in the lab (ELI+) Extension Teaching video
Igneous rocks	1. ’Rockery 1’ - rock game 2. ’Rockery 2’ - rock cycle game 3. Why do igneous rocks have different crystal sizes? (ELI+) Teaching video 4. Unfair ’build your own crystal’ race (ELI+) 5.’Crystallisation’ in a pudding dish Teaching video 6. Building silicates (crystal size in magma & in recrystallisation in solid rock) 7. Partial melting - simple process, huge global impact (ELI+) Extension 8. Partial melting model and real rock (ELI+) 9. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 4: rock group (sedimentary or igneous) Teaching video 10. Isostasy - How a rising mountain chain can reveal its hidden secrets Teaching video 11. Rock grain cut out 12. From ‘Rock detective’ to ‘Laying out the rock cycle’ Teaching video 13. Picturing igneous rocks 1 14. Picturing igneous rocks 2
Igneous rocks - building stones resources	1. Building stones 1 2. Building stones 2 - Igneous rocks 3. Will my gravestone last? Teaching video
Imbrication - sedimentary structure	1. Sedimentary structures - imbrication 2. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life 3. Picturing puzzle structures
Impact craters	Craters on the Moon Extension Impact calculator Video (Portuguese introduction)
Insolation	Hot or not?
Insulation (‘net zero’ emissions target)	Building insulation
Intensity scale (Earthquakes)	Earthquake in your classroom
Intrusion - volcanic radial dykes	Volcanoes and radial dykes (ELI+)
Iron ore	Smelter on a stick (ELI+)
Isostasy	1. Isostasy 1; modelling the state of ‘balance’ of the Earth’s outer layers (ELI+) Teaching video Kitchen isostasy 1 2. Isostasy 2; ‘bouncing back’ after the ice (ELI+) Teaching video Kitchen isostasy 2 3. Isostasy - How a rising mountain chain can reveal its hidden secrets Teaching video
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Jigging - separating materials	Jigging Teaching video
Joints - columnar	Cracking the clues
Jurassic - food web from fossil evidence	Who ate the ammonite?
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Karstic scenery	Karstic scenery - in 60 seconds
Key - building stones resource	Building stones
Knoll	Geological mapwork from scratch 1: a conical hill (ELI+)
Krakatoa, volcanic eruption and tsunamis	Krakatoa - tsunamis
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Lamination	1. Fieldwork: Interactive re-creation 2. Picturing puzzle structures
Landforms	1.Picturing landforms 1 2. Picturing landforms 2 3. Picturing landforms 3
Land restoration	Quarry through the window - what would you see, what would you not see?
Landscapes - granite and chalk	Geological postcards 1 - granite and chalk Teaching video ‘Global’ postcards extension
Landscapes - sandstone and limestone	1. Geological postcards 2 - sandstone and limestone Teaching video ‘Global’ postcards extension 2. Karstic scnery - in 60 seconds
Landslides	1. Landslide through the window - what would you see, what would you feel? Extension Video 2. Failing slopes Teaching video 3. Danger - quicksands! 4. Dam burst danger 5. Natural hazards in your area? 6. Landslide danger - and climate change
Latent heat - water cycle	Cycling water and heat in the lab - and the globe (ELI+)
Lava flows - simulation	See how they run Teaching video
Lavas on geological maps	Opengeoscience 1 (ELI+)
Lava viscosity	Bubble-mania Volcano Simulator (Alaska Museum of Science & Nature)
Laws in Geology	1. Laying down the principles Teaching video 2. What happened when?: sorting out sequences using stratigraphical concepts Teaching video
Life on Earth - time-line	1. Time-line in your own backyard Extension Teaching video Video 2. Toilet roll of time Video
Lime kiln	Make a mini lime kiln; discover limelight
Limestone	1. Geological postcards 2 - sandstone and limestone Teaching video ‘Global’ postcards extension 2. Fieldwork: Interactive re-creation 3. Karstic scenery - in 60 seconds 4. Weathering limestone - with my own breath! (ELI+) Teaching video 5. Calcium carbonate misconceptions 6. Sink hole! 7. Limestone springs 8. Make a mini lime kiln; discover limelight
Liquefaction - earthquake	Quake shake - will my home collapse? Extension Columns in Rome Teaching video Video
Liquefaction - quicksands	Danger - quicksands!
Lithification	Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: lithification
Lithium	Essential minerals - lithium
Lithosphere	1.Journey to the centre of the Earth - on a toilet roll Teaching video 2. Isostasy 1 (ELI+) Teaching video 3. Chocolate Plates
Lithosphere; one of Earth’s four interacting spheres	What am I made of? (ELI+)
Literature	Geo-literature: poems and stories inspired by all things ‘geo’
Litter - in soils	1. Make your own soil Teaching video 2. Soil layers puzzle
Load casts - sedimentary structures	1. Sedimentary structures - load casts Teaching video 2. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life 3. Picturing puzzle structures
Loam soil	Soil doughnuts Teaching video
Longshore drift	Changing coastlines
Lunar month	1. Jaffa moon 2. Lollipop moon 3. Polystyrene moon
Lustre of minerals	Mineral expert - 1 Teaching video
Lyell, Charles	Dating the Earth - Charles Lyell and Mount Etna 1828
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Magma - cooling and crystallisation	Why do igneous rocks have different crystal sizes? (ELI+) Teaching video
Magma - crystallisation	1. Unfair ’build your own crystal’ race (ELI+) 2. ’Crystallisation’ in a pudding dish Teaching video 3. Building silicates (crystal size in magma & in recrystallisation in solid rock)
Magma - intrusions	Volcanoes and radial dykes (ELI+)
Magma - late stage cooling	Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+)
Magma viscosity	Bubble-mania
Magnetic anomalies	Modelling remote sensing geophysics (ELI+)
Magnetic field of the Earth	1. Magnetic Earth (ELI+) 2. Recipe for a magnetic Earth and a magnetic detector Teaching video 3. Why won’t my compass work on the other side of the Equator? (ELI+) Teaching video 4. Human magnets! (ELI+) 5. Magnetic Manchester
Magnetic pattern of rocks on the sea floor	1. Magnetic stripes (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Hands on magnetic stripes (ELI+) 3. Transform faults (ELI+) Teaching video Video
Magnetic reversals	1. Magnetic stripes (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Hands on magnetic stripes (ELI+) 3. Recipe for a magnetic Earth and a magnetic detector Teaching video
Magnetism - frozen	1. Frozen magnetism (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Human magnets! (ELI+) 3. Did the continents move for you? (ELI+) Video Extension
Mantle	1. From an orange to the whole Earth Teaching video Video (Portuguese introduction) 2. ’Mantle plume’ in a beaker (ELI+) 3. Hotspots (ELI+) 4. Bouncing, bending, breaking (ELI+) Teaching video
Map - first geological map of England, Wales and part of Scotland	William Smith - ’The Father of English Geology’ (ELI+) Extension
Mapwork: a conical hill	Geological mapwork from scratch 1: a conical hill (ELI+)
Mapwork: dip, apparent dip, strike, DIY clinometer	DIY Dip and strike model (ELI+)
Mapwork: surface geology	Geological mapwork: using surface geology to make a geological map (ELI+)
Mapwork: valley with simple geology	Geological mapwork from scratch 2: valley with simple geology (ELI+)
Mapwork: valley with dipping geology	Geological mapwork from scratch 3: valley with dipping geology (ELI+)
Mapwork from models: cuesta with simple geology	Geological mapwork from models 2: cuesta with simple geology (ELI+)
Mapwork from models: folded rocks	Geological mapwork from models 5: folded geology on block models (ELI+)
Mapwork from models: plain with simple geology	Geological mapwork from models 1: plain with simple geology (ELI+)
Mapwork from models: plain with faults	1. Geological mapwork from models 6: plain with faults in the direction of dip (ELI+) 2. Geological mapwork from models 7: plain with faults parallel to the outcrops of the beds (ELI+) 3. Geological mapwork from models 8: plain with different types of fault (ELI+)
Mapwork from models: sloping ridge and valley	Geological mapwork from models 4: sloping ridge and valley (ELI+)
Mapwork from models: valley with horizontal floor	Geological mapwork from models 3: valley with horizontal floor (ELI+)
Mapwork with block models for students with VI	Modifying block models for students with VI
Marie Tharp	Marie Tharp: ‘A woman scientist in a man’s world’ Extension
Marsili, Luigi Ferdinando (1658-1730)	Current flows through straits (Marsili model)
Mary Anning	Mary Anning - Mother of Palaeontology Teaching video
Mass movement	1. Landslide through the window - what would you see, what would you feel? Video 2. Picturing Landforms – 4: Mass Movement A
Mass movement - density currents	1. High flow, low flow? - atmosphere and ocean in a tank Extension Teaching video 2. Atmosphere and ocean in a lunchbox
Material properties	Sensory treasure hunt Teaching video
Metal minerals	Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+)
Metal ores	Smelter on a stick (ELI+)
Metamorphism - metamorphic rocks	1. Metamorphism - that’s Greek for change of shape isn’t it? Extension Teaching video Video (16+) 2. Squeezed out of shape Teaching video 3. Deformed trilobites Video 4. Building stones 1 5. Building stones 4 - Metamorphic rocks Video (16+) 6. Will my gravestone last? Teaching video 7. ’Rockery 1’ - rock game 8. ’Rockery 2’ - rock cycle game 9. Fieldwork - Questions for any rock face 9: metamorphic rock 10. Metamorphic aureole in a tin (ELI+) 11. Rock grain cut out 12. From ‘Rock detective’ to ‘Laying out the rock cycle’ Teaching video 13. Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: deformation and metamorphism Teaching video 14. Factors controlling metamorphism (ELI+) 15. Picturing metamorphic rocks
Meteorites - evidence for core of Earth	A core activity (ELI+)
Methane - landfill gas	Energy from buried waste
Mid Ocean Ridge (MOR)	1. Magnetic stripes (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Hands on magnetic stripes (ELI+) 3. Transform faults (ELI+) Teaching video Video 4. Continental split - the opening of the Atlantic Ocean Video
Milankovitch cycles	Milankovitch cycles - by hand
Millions of years - visualisation	1. How many for a million? 2. Counting one million? 3. Toilet roll of time 4. The origin of the Earth - at arm’s length
Mineral collecting	Take it or leave it? - the geoconservation debate
Mineral identification	1. Mineral expert - 1 Teaching video 2. Mineral expert - 2 Teaching video 3. Identifying minerals - use your sense(s)! 4. Mineral or not? 5. Picturing minerals-1 6. Picturing minerals-2
Mineral/rock/fossil/other	1. Found in the ground Teaching video 2. Sensory treasure hunt Teaching video
Mineral uses in everyday life	1. Mineral expert - 3 2. What is it made of? 3. Essential minerals - lithium 4. Essential minerals - copper 5. Essential minerals - rare earth elements 6. Essential minerals - graphite 7. Essential minerals - cobalt 8. Essential minerals - tin, tungsten, tantalum 9. Essential minerals - gold 10. Essential minerals - critical minerals
Mineralisation - hydrothermal	Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+)
Mineral separation	1. Jigging Teaching video 2. Gold panning Teaching video
Minerals essential to life	Rocks to eat?
Mining for minerals	1. Jigging Teaching video 2. Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+) 3. Essential minerals - lithium 4. Essential minerals - copper 5. Essential minerals - rare earth elements 6. Essential minerals - graphite 7. Essential minerals - cobalt 8. Essential minerals - tin, tungsten, tantalum 9. Essential minerals - gold 10. Essential minerals - critical minerals
Mining and the Green Revolution	Mining and the Green Revolution
Moho	Journey to the centre of the Earth - on a toilet roll Teaching video
Mohs’ scale for mineral hardness	Mineral expert - 2 Teaching video
Moon - craters	Craters on the Moon Extension Impact calculator Video (Portuguese introduction)
Moon - eclipse	1. Eclipse the lollipop 2. Eclipse from the moon?
Moon - phases	1. Jaffa moon 2. Lollipop moon 3. Polystyrene moon
Moraine	1. Dam burst danger 2. Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets
Mountains	1. Himalayas in 30 seconds! Extension Teaching video Video 2. Margarine mountain-building 3. Banana benders Video 4. Continents in collision (ELI+) Extension Teaching video 5. Fieldwork: Interactive re-creation 6. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 7 - tilted or folded rocks Teaching video 7. Geological mapwork from models 5: folded geology on block models (ELI+) 8. Opengeoscience 2: tilted and folded rocks (ELI+) 9. Swiss roll surgery 10. View from above 11. Isostasy - How a rising mountain chain can reveal its hidden secrets Teaching video 12. Modelling folding - by hand 13. Recreating the rocks 14. Picturing tectonic structures - folding 15. Folds and faults with puff pastry and chocolate
Mudcracks	Cracking the clues
Music	1. Geo-music - music inspired by all things ‘geo’ Extension 2. Rocks music Extension Sound - Rock xylophone
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Natural hazards	Natural Hazards ELI category Natural hazards in your area?
Natural selection - evolution	1. Fifty million years into the future Box School animals 2. How many Beany Beetles? - the evolution game
‘Net zero’ series Please refer to Climate change: ‘Net zero’* emissions target*
Nitrogen atom	‘Tagging’ nitrogen atoms – to explore the nitrogen cycle
Night/Day	Earth on Earth - how day/night and the seasons work
Nuclear power	1. Nuclear power 2. Nuclear waste disposal 3. Advances in battery technology
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Ocean currents	1. Current flows through straits (Marsili model) 2. Rubber ducks at sea
Ocean floor	1. Magnetic stripes (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Hands on magnetic stripes (ELI+) 3. Transform faults (ELI+) Teaching video Video 4. Which is the fastest spreading oceanic ridge? Teaching video 5. Measuring the depths of seas and oceans: How is it done? 6. Modelling sea-floor mapping 7. East Pacific traverse 8. Marie Tharp: ‘A woman scientist in a man’s world’ Extension
Oil and gas	1.Make your own oil and gas reservoir 2. Trapped! Why can’t oil and gas escape from their underground prison? Teaching video Teaching video in the lab 3. Where shall we drill for oil? 4. Where does offshore oil come from? 5. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
Orbit of the Earth	Screaming roller coaster
Ore - concentration of ore	Riches in the river Extension
Ore - smelting iron ore	Smelter on a stick (ELI+)
Ore - density	Eureka! - detecting ore the Archimedes way
Outdoors - field work	1. Earth science out of doors: preserving the evidence 2. Rocks from the big screen
Oxygen isotopes and Earth's temperatures	1. Oxygen isotope sweet simulation (ELI+) 2. Interpret Earth temperatures from simulated deep-sea and ice cores (ELI+) 3. Oxygen thermometers (ELI+)
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Palaeocurrents	1. Sedimentary structures - imbrication 2. Sedimentary structures - cross-bedding and ancient currents Teaching video 3. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life 4. Make your own cross-bedding Teaching video
Palaeoenvironments	1. Environmental detective 2. What was it like to be there? - bringing a fossil to life Teaching video Get geo-creative 3. What was it like to be there - in the rocky world? Teaching video Extension 4. Playground continents
Palaeogeography - see Palaeoenvironments above
Palaeomagnetism	1. Frozen magnetism (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Human magnets! (ELI+) 3. Magnetic stripes (ELI+) Teaching video 4. Hands on magnetic stripes (ELI+) 5. Did the continents move for you? (ELI+) Video Extension
Palaeontology - also refer to ’Fossils’	Mary Anning - Mother of Palaeontology Teaching video
Pangaea	Continental split - the opening of the Atlantic Ocean Video
Partial melting	1. Partial melting - simple process, huge global impact (ELI+) Extension 2. Partial melting model and real rock (ELI+)
Peat - preservation in	Bog bodies
Periglacial landscapes	Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets
Permafrost	Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets
People smuggling - forensic geoscience	Innocent until proven guilty (ELI+)
Permeability of rocks	1. Modelling for rocks: what’s hidden inside - and why? Extension Teaching video 2. Does my rock hold water and will water flow through it? Teaching video Teaching video (ages 7 to 11 years) 3. Well, well, well!
Permeability of soils investigation	Permeability of soils - ’The great soil race’ Teaching video Extension
pH of solutions	1.Watery world of underground chemistry (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Make a mini lime kiln; discover limelight
Phases of the Moon	1. Jaffa moon 2. Lollipop moon 3. Polystyrene moon
Photosynthesis - oxygen into the atmosphere	Earth’s atmosphere - step by step evolution (ELI+)
Pingo	Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets
Placer deposits	Riches in the river Extension
Plain	1. Geological mapwork from models 1: plain with simple geology (ELI+) 2. Geological mapwork from models 6: plain with faults in the direction of dip (ELI+) 3. Geological mapwork from models 7: plain with faults parallel to the outcrops of the beds (ELI+) 4. Geological mapwork from models 8: plain with with different types of fault (ELI+)
Planets - sizes and distances	Playground planets Extension
Plaster	Make and use your own Plaster of Paris
Plate tectonics - constructive (divergent) plate margin	1. ’Mantle plume’ in a beaker (ELI+) 2. Faults in a Mars^TM Bar Teaching video 3. Magnetic stripes (ELI+) Teaching video 4. Hands on magnetic stripes (ELI+) 5. Transform faults (ELI+) Teaching video Video 6. Continental split - the opening of the Atlantic Ocean Video 7. Fastest spreading ocean ridge 8. Mars^TM margins - diverged, converged and transformed Video
Plate tectonics - continental drift	1. Continental jigsaw puzzle (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Earth time jigsaw puzzle 3. Wegener’s ’Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ’Plate tectonics’ (ELI+) 4. Did the continents move for you? (ELI+) Video Extension 5. Plate margins and movement by hand Teaching video 6. Wandering continents
Plate tectonics - destructive (convergent) plate margin	1. Continents in collision (ELI+) Extension Teaching video 2. Mars^TM margins - diverged, converged and transformed Video
Plate tectonics - earthquakes and volcanoes	Geobattleships (ELI+) Teaching video
Plate tectonics - evidence	1. Wegener’s ’Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ’Plate tectonics’ (ELI+) 2. Did the continents move for you? (ELI+) Video Extension
Plate tectonics - partial melting	1. Partial melting - simple process, huge global impact (ELI+) Extension 2. Partial melting model and real rock (ELI+)
Plate tectonics - properties of lithospheric plate	Chocolate Plates
Plate tectonics - moving plates / top and bottom of a plate / mechanism	1. Plate riding Extension Teaching video 2. Top and bottom of a tectonic plate 3. What drives the plates? Teaching video 4. What drives the plates? The evidence Teaching video 5. What drives the plates? In slab pull, what is it that pulls? Teaching video 6. What drives the plates? Modelling slab pull Video 7. Plate margins and movement by hand Teaching video 8. Plate driving mechanisms
Plate tectonics through the window	1. Plate tectonics through the window (ELI+) Teaching video Video (Oxford Sparks) 2. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 11 - tectonic plates Teaching video
Plate tectonics and the deep rock cycle: lithification	1. Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: lithification 2. Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: deformation and metamorphism Teaching video
Plate tectonics - UPDATES	UPDATE: Recent research in plate tectonics (2020) UPDATE: Joides Resolution research ship (2020)
Plutons on geological maps	Opengeoscience 1 (ELI+)
Polar wandering curves	Did the continents move for you? (ELI+) Video Extension
Pollution - water sources	From rain to spring: water from the ground Extension Video
Pore water pressure	Danger - quicksands!
Porosity of rocks	1. Space within - the porosity of rocks Extension 2. Does my rock hold water and will water flow through it? Teaching video Teaching video (ages 7 to 11 years) 3. Well, well, well!
Postcards	1. Geological postcards 1 - granite and chalk Teaching video ‘Global’ postcards extension 2. Geological postcards 2 - sandstone and limestone Teaching video ‘Global’ postcards extension
Potholes in rivers	Bucket for a pothole: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
Power sources - general	1. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension 2. Plugging future global energy gap? 3. Power through the window 4. Future power: predicting future power sources (ELI+)
Pratt isostasy hypothesis	Isostasy 1 (ELI+) Teaching video
Prediction of volcanic eruptions	Take a ’Chance’ on the volcano erupting (ELI+) Extension
Prediction of volcanic eruptions/earthquakes/landslides	Party time for volcanoes (ELI+) Extension Teaching video
Prediction techniques - Earthquakes	Earthquake prediction - when will the earthquake strike? Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years)
Pressure	1. Under pressure (ELI+) 2. Water pressure - underground (ELI+) 3. Melting and boiling - the influence of pressure (ELI+)
Principles in Geology	What happened when?: sorting out sequences using stratigraphical concepts Teaching video
Producers/consumers	Who ate the ammonite? Extension
P-waves	1. Waves in the Earth 1 - the slinky simulation (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Waves in the Earth 2 - Human molecules (ELI+) Teaching video 3. Merry waves - all year round (ELI+)
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Quarry	1. Quarry through the window - what would you see, what would you not see? 2. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 12 - potential of the quarry or cutting Teaching video 3. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 13 - quarry economics Teaching video
Quartz crystals - formation	’Crystallisation’ in a pudding dish Teaching video
Quicklime	Make a mini lime kiln; discover limelight
Quicksands	Danger - quicksands!
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Radial dykes, volcanic intrusion	Volcanoes and radial dykes (ELI+)
Radiation - water cycle	Cycling water and heat in the lab - and the globe (ELI+)
Radiometric dating	1. Working out the age of the Earth - moving backwards as time moved forwards 2. Radioactive dating Video
Rare Earth Elements	Essential minerals - rare earth elements
Recording geological data	Fieldwork - Questions for any rock face 14: recording Teaching video
Recycling	1. Mineral expert 4 - Recycle your mobile phone 2. New or recycled paper? - the card game
Relative dating	1. Working out the age of the Earth - moving backwards as time moved forwards 2. Modelling by hand ‘when the youngest rock is not on top’
Remanent magnetism	1. Frozen magnetism (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Human magnets! (ELI+) 3. Magnetic stripes (ELI+) Teaching video 4. Hands on magnetic stripes (ELI+) 5. Did the continents move for you? (ELI+) Video Extension
Remote sensing	1. Electrical ground probing 2. Modelling remote sensing geophysics (ELI+)
Renewable power sources - geothermal?	Rock power: geothermal power simulations (ELI+)
Resistivity	Electrical ground probing
Ridge (sloping) and valley	Geological mapwork from models 4: sloping ridge and valley (ELI+)
Ripple marks	1. Sand ripple marks in a washbowl Extension Video 2. Sand ripple marks in a tank Extension Video 3. Fieldwork: Interactive re-creation 4. Picturing puzzle structures
Rivers - erosion, transportation and deposition	1. Mighty river in a small gutter Extension Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years) 2. Rolling, hopping, floating and invisibly moving along Teaching video 3. Sand ripple marks in a washbowl Extension Video 4. Bucket for a pothole: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+) 5. Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years) 6. From river sediment to stripy rocks 7. Lego^TM bricks and sedimentary processes
Roadstones	Roadstone - which rock?
Rock classification	1. Rock detective - rocky clues to the past Teaching video (ages 7 to 11 years) 2. From ‘Rock detective’ to ‘Laying out the rock cycle’ Teaching video
Rock collecting	Take it or leave it? - the geoconservation debate
Rock cycle	1. Rock cycle through the window Rock cycle song 2. Rock cycle in wax Extension Teaching video Rock cycle song 3. Laying out the rock cycle: product and process Rock cycle song Teaching video 4. From ‘Rock detective’ to ‘Laying out the rock cycle’ Teaching video 5. Rock cycle at your fingertips Teaching video Rock cycle song 6. Not misunderstanding the rock cycle Rock cycle song 7. James Hutton - or ’Mr. Rock Cycle’? (ELI+) Rock cycle song 8. ’Rockery 2’ - rock cycle game Rock cycle song 9. Sand on a sill Rock cycle song 10. Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: lithification 11. Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: deformation and metamorphism Teaching video
Rock density	Eureka! - detecting ore the Archimedes way
Rock/mineral/fossil/other	1. Found in the ground (ELI Early years) Teaching video 2. Sensory treasure hunt (ELI Early years) Teaching video
Rock types	1. ’Rockery 1’ - rock game 2. ’Rockery 2’ - rock cycle game Rock cycle song 3. Rock detective - rocky clues to the past Teaching video (ages 7 to 11 years) 4. From ‘Rock detective’ to ‘Laying out the rock cycle’ Teaching video 5. Make your own rock Teaching video 6. Modelling for rocks: what’s hidden inside - and why? Extension Teaching video 7. Space within - the porosity of rocks Extension 8. Testing rocks - 1 bouncing back 9. What was it like to be there - in the rocky world? Teaching video Extension 10. Rock Explorer (ELI Early years) Teaching video 11. Rock builder (ELI Early years) Teaching video 12. Rocky play-park; design your own 13. Rock, rattle and roll Extension - using maps Teaching video Video (Portuguese introduction) 14. When are soft rocks tough, and hard rocks weak? 15. Rock grain cut out 16. Playground continents 17. Rock is a time capsule 18. Picturing igneous rocks 1 19. Picturing igneous rocks 2 20. Picturing metamorphic rocks
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Salinity - measurement	Why is the Dead Sea dead?
Salol - simulate crystallisation in igneous rocks	Why do igneous rocks have different crystal sizes? (ELI+) Teaching video
Sand grains	1. Sand on a sill 2. How many sand grains are there in a bucket – or on a beach? 3. ‘A World in a grain of sand’ Teaching video
Sandstone landscapes	Geological postcards 2 - sandstone and limestone Teaching video ‘Global’ postcards extension
Salt crystal formation	Salt of the Earth Extension
Salt - extraction	Why is the Dead Sea dead?
Scientists	1. Mary Anning - Mother of Palaeontology Teaching video 2a. Darwin’s ’big coral atoll idea’ Video 2b. Darwin’s ‘big soil idea’ 3. James Hutton - or ’Mr. Rock Cycle’? (ELI+) Rock cycle song 4. Dating the Earth - Charles Lyell and Mount Etna 1828 5. William Smith - ’The Father of English Geology’ (ELI+) Extension 6. Wegener’s ’Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ’Plate tectonics’ (ELI+) 7. Marsili model - Exploring current flows through straits 8. Marie Tharp: ‘A woman scientist in a man’s world’ Extension
Scorpions	Scary scorpions
Sea floor	1. Magnetic stripes (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Hands on magnetic stripes (ELI+) 3. Transform faults (ELI+) Teaching video Video 4. Continental split - the opening of the Atlantic Ocean Video 5. Measuring the depths of seas and oceans: How is it done? 6. Modelling sea-floor mapping 7. East Pacific traverse 8. Marie Tharp: ‘A woman scientist in a man’s world’ Extension
Sea level change	1. Sea level in a plastic cup 2. Melting ice and sea level change 1 - sea ice melts Teaching video 3. Melting ice and sea level change 2 - ice caps melt Teaching video 4. How will rising sea level affect our coastlines? 5. Walther’s law of sedimentation, part 1 (ELI+) 6. Walther’s law of sedimentation, part 2 (ELI+)
Seasons	1. Hot or not? 2. Earth on Earth 3. Seasons
Sediment transportation	1. Mighty river in a small gutter Extension Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years) 2. Rolling, hopping, floating and invisibly moving along Teaching video 3. Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years) 4. From river sediment to stripy rocks 5. Lego^TM bricks and sedimentary processes
Sedimentary rocks	1. ’Rockery 1’ - rock game 2. ’Rockery 2’ - rock cycle game 3. Rock builder (ELI Early years) Teaching video 4. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 4: rock group (sedimentary or igneous) Teaching video 5. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 5: sedimentary grains Teaching video 6. From river sediment to stripy rocks 7. Rock grain cut out 8. From ‘Rock detective’ to ‘Laying out the rock cycle’ Teaching video 9. Recreating the rocks 10. How do sedimentary beds form? 11. Playground continents 12. Wriggling toes on ancient bedding planes
Sedimentary rocks - building stones resources	1. Building stones 1 2. Building stones 3 - sedimentary rocks 3. Will my gravestone last? Teaching video 4. Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 4: rock group (sedimentary or igneous) Teaching video
Sedimentary structures	1. Cross-bedding and ancient currents Teaching video 2. Cross-bedding and ’way-up’ Teaching video 3. Make your own cross-bedding Teaching video 4. Graded bedding Teaching video 5. Imbrication 6. Load casts Teaching video 7. Mudcracks - cracking the clues 8. Sand ripple marks in a tank Extension Video 9. Sand ripple marks in a washbowl Extension Video 10. Sole marks Teaching video 11. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life 12. Picturing puzzle structures 13. Picturing trace fossils & other strange shapes
Sediments to sedimentary rocks	1. Make your own rock Teaching video 2. What layers are preserved?
Seismic body waves	1. Waves in the Earth 1 - the slinky simulation (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Waves in the Earth 2 - Human molecules (ELI+) Teaching video
Seismic body waves (transmission of energy)	Merry waves - all year round (ELI+)
Seismic evidence for core of Earth	A core activity (ELI+) Teaching video
Seismic waves through the mantle	Bouncing, bending, breaking (ELI+) Teaching video
Sequencing geological events	1. Fieldwork - questions for any rock face 10: sequencing Teaching video 2. What is the geological history? 3. Fieldwork: the ‘All powerful’ strategy 4. Laying down the principles Teaching video 5. Where shall we drill for oil? 6. Environmental detective 7. Walther’s law of sedimentation, part 1 (ELI+) 8. Walther’s law of sedimentation, part 2 (ELI+)
Shale gas	1. Recipe for the perfect fracking fluid 2. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
Shear (see also Stresses in the Earth)	1. Modelling Earth stresses with your hands 2. Squeezed out of shape Teaching video 3. Deformed trilobites Video
Shells - adaptations to habitats Shells - survival of the toughest	Sea shell survival Teaching video Shell shake - survival of the toughest Video
Silicates	Building silicates (crystal size in magma & recrystallisation in solid rocks)
Sills on geological maps	Opengeoscience 1 (ELI+)
Sink holes	Sink hole!
Slab pull - plate movement	1. What drives the plates? Teaching video 2. What drives the plates? The evidence Teaching video 3. What drives the plates? In slab pull, what is it that pulls? Teaching video 4. What drives the plates? Modelling slab pull Video
Slopes	1. Sandcastles and slopes Teaching video 2. Landslide through the window - what would you see, what would you feel? Extension Video 3. Failing slopes Teaching video 4. Danger - quicksands! 5. Dam burst danger
Smelting of iron ore	Smelter on a stick (ELI+)
Smith, William - 1815 geological map	William Smith - ’The Father of English Geology’ (ELI+) Extension
Soils	1. Make your own soil Teaching video 2. Soil water shake test Teaching video 3. Soil layers puzzle 4. Soil doughnuts Teaching video 5. Permeability of soils - ’The great soil race’ Teaching video Extension 6. Darwin’s ’big soil idea’ Video 7. Questions for any rock face 3: soil Teaching video 8. Why does soil get washed away? Extension Video Teaching video (ages 7 to 11 years) 9. Is there life in this soil sample? 10. Where on Earth is no soil found?
Soil water pH	Watery world of underground chemistry (ELI+) Teaching video
Solar radiation	1. Hot or not? 2. Earth on Earth 3. Milankovitch cycles - by hand
Solar system	Playground planets Extension
Solar power source	1. Harnessing the power of the Sun 2. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
Sole marks	1. Sedimentary structures - sole marks Teaching video 2. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life 3. Picturing puzzle structures
Solifluction	Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets
Solstice	1. Hot or not 2. Earth on Earth 3. Seasons: the effect of our tilted Earth
Space - survival in a sealed dome	Space survival: how could we survive a year in a dome?
Spin of the Earth	Screaming roller coaster
Springs	1. From rain to spring: water from the ground Extension Video 2. Limestone springs
Stratigraphy - sequencing events	1. Laying down the principles Teaching video 2. What happened when?: sorting out sequences using stratigraphical concepts Teaching video 3. What is the geological history? Extension 4. Walther’s law of sedimentation, part 1 (ELI+) 5. Walther’s law of sedimentation, part 2 (ELI+)
Streak test for minerals	Mineral expert - 2 Teaching video
Strength of rocks	Testing rocks - 1 bouncing back
Stresses in the Earth	1. Himalayas in 30 seconds! Extension Teaching video Video 2. Valley in 30 seconds! Teaching video 1 Teaching video 2 Video Extension 3. Banana benders Video 4. Modelling Earth stresses with your hands 5. Faults in a Mars^TM Bar 6. Squeezed out of shape Teaching video 7. Deformed trilobites Video
Strike	DIY Dip and strike model (ELI+)
Structure of the Earth	1. From clay balls to the structure of the Earth (ELI+) Extension Teaching video 2. Isostasy 1 (ELI+) Teaching video 3. Effect of Earth’s core on earthquake waves
Structures - geological see also ‘Folds’ and ‘Faults’	Banana benders Video
Subduction zone	Plate tectonics through the window Teaching video Video (Oxford Sparks)
Subsidence	Sink hole!
Sun - radiation and position	1. Hot or not? 2. Earth on Earth
Sun - relative size and distances to the planets	Playground planets Extension
Supercontinents	Continental jigsaw puzzle (ELI+) Teaching video
Survival in a sealed dome - considering the impact of Earth’s cycles	Space survival: how could we survive a year in a dome?
Sustainability	1. Sustainable development 2. Fishing game - beware of overfishing
S-waves	1. Waves in the Earth 1 - the slinky simulation (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Waves in the Earth 2 - Human molecules (ELI+) Teaching video 3. Merry waves - all year round (ELI+)
Syncline - synform	1. Banana benders Video 2. Swiss roll surgery 3. Right way up or upside down? - modelling anti- and synforms by hand 4. Visualising plunging folds - with your hands and a piece of paper 5. Picturing tectonic structures - folding 6. Folds and faults with puff pastry and chocolate
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Tantalum	Essential minerals - tantalum
Tar sands (power source)	Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
Temperatures on Earth	1. Oxygen isotope sweet simulation (ELI+) 2. Interpret Earth temperatures from simulated deep-sea and ice cores (ELI+) 3. Oxygen thermometers (ELI+) 4. Milankovitch cycles - by hand
Tension (see also Stresses in the Earth)	1. Modelling Earth stresses with your hands 2. Valley in 30 seconds! Teaching video 1 Teaching video 2 Video Extension 3. Banana benders Video 4. Faults in a Mars^TM Bar 5. Squeezed out of shape Teaching video 6. Deformed trilobites Video
Tharp, Marie	Marie Tharp: ‘A woman scientist in a man’s world’ Extension
Tidal energy	1. Tidal energy 2. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
Till or boulder clay	Evidence from the deep freeze - under or near the ice sheets
Time - geological	Geological time (ELI category)
Timeline for age of the Earth	Working out the age of the Earth - moving backwards as time moved forwards
Tin	Essential minerals - tin
Tornadoes	Natural hazards in your area?
Trace fossils	1. Trace fossils - burrows or borings Teaching video 2. Picturing trace fossils
Transform faults	1. Transform faults (ELI+) Teaching video Video 2. Mars^TM margins - diverged, converged and transformed Video
Transportation by water	1. Rolling, hopping, floating and invisibly moving along Teaching video 2. Mighty river in a small gutter Extension Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years) 3. Changing coastlines 4. Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers Teaching video Teaching video (ages 9 to 11 years) 5. Lego^TM bricks and sedimentary processes
Transportation by wind	Dust bowl Extension
Trees (‘net zero’ emissions targets)	Let’s plant some trees
Trophic levels	Who ate the ammonite? Extension
Tsunami	1. Tsunami through the window - what would you see, what would you feel? Extension Pupils’ work from Portugal Booklet Boxing Day, 2004 2. Tsunami - what controls the speed of the wave? Teaching video Extension 3. Tsunami alert! 4. Krakatoa - tsunamis 5. Natural hazards in your area? 6. Making waves: a storm in a teacup?
Tungsten	Essential minerals - tungsten
Turbidity current - density current	1. High flow, low flow? - atmosphere and ocean in a tank Extension Teaching video 2. Atmosphere and ocean in a lunchbox
Turbidity current - sedimentary structures	1. Sedimentary structures - graded bedding Teaching video 2. Sedimentary structures - sole marks Teaching video 3. What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life
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Unconformity	1. Opengeoscience 2: tilted and folded rocks (ELI+) 2. Filling the gap – picturing the unconformity ‘abyss of time’? 3. Modelling unconformity - by hand
Underground water cycle	Watery world of underground chemistry (ELI+) Teaching video
Underground water - wells	Well, well, well!
Underground pressure	1. Under pressure (ELI+) 2. Water pressure - underground (ELI+)
Uniformitarianism	1. Fieldwork: Applying ‘the present is the key to the past’ Teaching video 2. Environmental detective 3. View to the future – and the past 4. What colour was the world in the past? 5. What layers are preserved? 6. Wriggling toes on ancient bedding planes
Uranium (power source)	Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
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Valley with horizontal floor	Geological mapwork from models 3: valley with horizontal floor (ELI+)
Valley with simple geology	Geological mapwork from scratch 2: valley with simple geology (ELI+)
Valley with sloping ridge	Geological mapwork from models 4: sloping ridge and valley (ELI+)
Vein minerals	‘Crystallisation’ in a pudding dish Teaching video
Viscosity of magma	Bubble-mania
Visually impaired students	1.Block models in mapwork for students with VI 2. Modifying resources for students with VI 3. Modifying geological materials for students with VI
Volcanic eruption	1. Volcano in the lab (ELI+) Extension Teaching video 2. Blow up your own volcano! Extension Teaching video Video Teaching video (ages 7 to 11 years) 3. Best classroom eruption? Extension Teaching video 4. Krakatoa - tsunamis 5. Natural hazards in your area? 6. Catastrophic natural processes
Volcanic eruption - magma viscosity	Bubble-mania Volcano Simulator (Alaska Museum of Science & Nature)
Volcanic eruption - pyroclastic flow	1. High flow, low flow? - atmosphere and ocean in a tank Extension Teaching video 2. Atmosphere and ocean in a lunchbox
Volcanic eruption - simulating dangerous swelling of a volcano	When will it blow? - predicting eruptions Extension Teaching video Video
Volcanic eruption through the window ’thought experiment’	Eruption through the window Video Volcano Simulator (Alaska Museum of Science & Nature)
Volcanic eruptions - partial melting	1. Partial melting - simple process, huge global impact (ELI+) Extension 2. Partial melting model and real rock (ELI+)
Volcanic eruptions - prediction	1. Party time for volcanoes (ELI+) Extension Extension Teaching video 2. Take a ’Chance’ on the volcano erupting (ELI+) Extension Extension Teaching video
Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)	Krakatoa - tsunamis
Volcanic intrusion - radial dykes	Volcanoes and radial dykes (ELI+)
Volcanic vents on geological maps	Opengeoscience 1 (ELI+)
Volcano collapse	Collapsing volcanoes
Volcanoes, lava flows - simulations	See how they run Teaching video
Volcanoes and earthquakes - plate tectonics	Geobattleships (ELI+) Teaching video
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Waning Moon	1. Jaffa moon 2. Lollipop moon 3. Polystyrene moon
Walther’s law	1. Walther’s law of sedimentation, part 1 (ELI+) 2. Walther’s law of sedimentation, part 2 (ELI+)
Water - comparison between rain water and bottled spring water	Water - a matter of taste or a taste of matter? Extension
Water - changing state	1. Water - changing state Teaching video 2. Ice power (ELI+)
Water cycle	1. Mini-world water cycle Teaching video Extension 2. Water cycle world Extension 3. ’Tagging’ water molecules(ELI+) 4. Cycling water and heat in the lab - and the globe (ELI+) 5. Watery world Game (ELI Early years) Teaching video
Water cycle underground	Watery world of underground chemistry (ELI+) Teaching video
Water - filtration, purification	‘Water, water everywhere but not a drop to drink’
Water (power source - HEP)	1. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension 2. Storing water power
Water supply - wells	Well, well, well!
Water vapour - changing state	Water - changing state Teaching video
Water vapour in the atmosphere	Earth’s atmosphere - step by step evolution
Waves - coastal	1. Changing coastlines 2. Making waves: a storm in a teacup 3. Coastal erosion
Waves - earthquake	1. Waves in the Earth 1 - the slinky simulation (ELI+) Teaching video 2. Waves in the Earth 2 - Human molecules (ELI+) Teaching video
Waves - power source	1. Harbessing the power of waves 2. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension
Waxing Moon	1. Jaffa moon 2. Lollipop moon 3. Polystyrene moon
Way-up structures	1. Sedimentary structures - cross-bedding and ancient currents Teaching video 2. Sedimentary structures - cross-bedding and ‘way-up’ Teaching video 3. Make your own cross-bedding Teaching video 4. Sedimentary structures - graded bedding Teaching video 5. Sedimentary structures - imbrication 6. Sedimentary structures - load casts Teaching video 7. Sedimentary structures - sole marks Teaching video 8. Sand ripple marks in a tank Extension Video 9. Sand ripple marks in a washbowl Extension Video 10. Cracking the clues - mudcracks
Wearing course of roads	Roadstone - which rock?
Weathering	1. Weathering - rocks breaking up and breaking down 2. Will my gravestone last? Teaching video 3. Freeze-thaw weathering Teaching video 4. Ice Power (ELI+) 5. Cracking apart (ELI+) Teaching video 6. Weathering limestone - with my own breath! (ELI+) Teaching video 7. Karstic scenery - in 60 seconds 8. Questions for any rock face 1: weathering Teaching video 9. Enhanced weathering Extension
Weathering / erosion - misconceptions	Teacher - ‘What’s the difference between weathering and erosion?’
Wegener, Alfred - continental drift - evidence	Wegener’s ‘Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ‘Plate tectonics’ (ELI+)
Well - working model	Well, well, well!
William Smith - 1815 geological map	William Smith - ‘The Father of English Geology’ (ELI+) Extension
Wilson, J. Tuzo - plate tectonics - evidence	Wegener’s ‘Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ‘Plate tectonics’ (ELI+)
Wind - erosion, transportation and deposition	Dust bowl Extension
Wind (power source)	1. Farming the wind - through onshore and offshore windfarms 2. Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+) Extension