Climate change
•  Oxygen isotope sweet simulation (ELI+)
•  Interpret Earth temperatures from simulated deep-sea and ice cores (ELI+)
•  Ice core evidence for climate change (ELI+)
•  Back in time
•  Modelling tipping points - by hands
•  Measuring climate change
•  Greenhouse effect
•  Melting ice and sea level change 1 - sea ice melts
•  Melting ice and sea level change 2 - ice caps melt

Climate change: ‘Net zero’ series
•  How will the ‘net-zero’ target affect your local area?
•  Capturing carbon?

Earthquakes
•  Earthquake prediction - when will the earthquake strike?
•  Earthquake through the window - what would you see, what would you feel?
•  Geobattleships (ELI+)
•  Quake shake - will my home collapse?
•  Shaken but not stirred?
•  Surviving an earthquake
•  Waves in the Earth 1: the slinky simulation (ELI+)
•  Waves in the Earth 2: human molecules (ELI+)
•  Merry waves - all year round
•  An earthquake in your classroom
•  Modelling earthquake wave amplification
•  Earthquakes in art
•  Spaghetti quakes
•  Slinky seismic waves demo

Earth in Space
•  ELI Earth in Space category

ELI Early years
•  Found in the ground: sorted!
•  Make your own rock
•  Fossil or not?
•  Dig up the dinosaur
•  Fossilise! - fossil game
•  Make your own soil
•  Changing state - transforming water
•  Watery world game
•  Gold prospectors
•  Pirates and buried treasure
•  Sensory treasure hunt
•  Rock Explorers
•  Rock builder
•  Lego^TM bricks and sedimentary processes
•  Recreating the rocks
•  What colour was the world in the past?
•  Wriggling toes on ancient bedding planes

Engineering geology
•  Testing rocks 1 - bouncing back
•  Testing rocks 2 - ‘Splat’!
•  Fluids, friction and failure
•  Electrical ground probing (ELI+)
•  Dam burst danger
•  Under pressure (ELI+)
•  Roadstone - which rock?
•  Boring chocolate!

Environment
•  Atmosphere and ocean in a lunchbox
•  High flow, low flow? - atmosphere and ocean in a tank
•  Fieldwork: Environmental evaluation
•  Now and then
•  Take it or leave it? - the geoconservation debate
•  So, you want to conserve a geodiversity site
•  Fifty million years into the future
•  View to the future – and the past
•  Sustainable development
•  Climate on arrival

Evolution of Life
•  Fifty million years into the future
•  Sea shell survival
•  Sorting out the evolution of evolution headlines (ELI+))
•  Time-line in your own backyard
•  Toilet roll of time
•  How many Great Great Great Great Grandparents?
•  How many Beany Beetles? - the evolution game
•  Fossil record: Shell shake - survival of the toughest
•  Continents versus biodiversity (ELI+)

Fieldwork
•  Fieldwork safety
•  Earth science out-of-doors: preserving the evidence
•  Rocks from the big screen
•  Building stones 1 - general resource
•  Will my gravestone last?
•  Rock around school (investigating building materials)
•  Building stones 2 - Igneous rocks
•  Building stones 3 - Sedimentary rocks
•  Building stones 4 - Metamorphic rocks
•  Building stones - urban fieldwork
•  What was it like to be there - in the rocky world?
•  Fieldwork: Applying ‘the present is the key to the past’
•  Fieldwork: the ‘All powerful’ strategy
•  Questions for any rock face - planning for fieldwork
•  Questions for any rock face 1: weathering
•  Questions for any rock face 2: erosion
•  Questions for any rock face 3: soil
•  Questions for any rock face 4: rock group (sedimentary or igneous)
•  Questions for any rock face 5: sedimentary grains
•  Questions for any rock face 6: fossils
•  Questions for any rock face 7: tilted or folded rocks
•  Questions for any rock face 8: faults
•  Questions for any rock face 9: metamorphic rock
•  Questions for any rock face 10: sequencing geological events
•  Questions for any rock face 11: tectonic plates
•  Questions for any rock face 12: potential of the quarry or cutting
•  Questions for any rock face 13: quarry economics
•  Questions for any rock face 14: recording geological data
•  Interactive re-creation
•  The view from the site
•  Rock around your school (investigating building materials)
•  Filling the gap – picturing the unconformity ‘abyss of time’?
•  Now and then
•  The ‘What makes a good educational experience’ approach to planning fieldwork
    (ELI for Educators)

Fossils
•  Fossil or not?
•  Fossilise! - fossil game (ELI Early years)
•  Running the fossilisation film backwards
•  What was it like to be there? - bringing a fossil to life
•  How could I become fossilised?
•  Curious creatures
•  Fifty million years into the future
•  Mary Anning: Mother of Palaeontology
•  Trace fossils - burrows or borings
•  Trail making
•  Who ate the ammonite?
•  Ammonites: the ups and downs
•  Shell shake - survival of the toughest
•  Questions for any rock face 6: fossils
   Dinosaurs
•  Dig up the dinosaur
•  Dinosaur death - did it die or was it killed?
•  Dinosaur in the yard
•  How to weigh a dinosaur
•  Let’s weigh that dinosaur!
•  Meeting of the dinosaurs - 100 million years ago
•  Dinosaur extinction

Geological Mapwork
•  Geological mapwork from scratch 1: a conical hill
•  2: valley with simple geology
•  3: valley with dipping geology
•  Geological mapwork from models 1: plain with simple geology
•  2: cuesta with simple geology
•  3: valley with horizontal floor
•  4: sloping ridge and valley
•  5: folded geology on block models
•  6: plain with faults in the direction of dip
•  7: plain with faults parallel to the outcrops of the beds
•  8: plain with different types of fault
•  DIY dip and strike model
•  Geological mapwork: using surface geology to make a geological map
•  Jelly Babies^TM and 3D maps (ELI+)
•  Opengeoscience 1: igneous intrusions and lavas
•  Opengeoscience 2: tilted and folded rocks

Geological Time
•  ELI Geological Time category

Geophysics
•  Modelling remote sensing geophysics (ELI+)
•  Electrical ground probing
•  From clay balls to the structure of the Earth (ELI+)
•  Oxygen isotope sweet simulation (ELI+)
•  Interpret Earth temperatures from simulated deep-sea and ice cores (ELI+)
•  Modelling Earth stresses with your hands
•  Melting and boiling – the influence of pressure (ELI+)

Glaciation
•  Isostasy 2; ‘bouncing back’ after the ice (ELI+)
•  Grinding and gouging
•  Evidence from the deep freeze under or near the ice sheets
•  Ice-thickness from scratch: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)

Great Scientists
•  Darwin’s ‘big coral atoll idea’
•  Darwin’s ‘big soil idea’
•  James Hutton or ‘Mr. Rock Cycle’
•  Wegener’s ‘Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ‘Plate tectonics’ (ELI+)
•  Mary Anning - Mother of Palaeontology
•  William Smith - ‘The Father of English Geology’
•  Charles Lyell and Mount Etna 1828 - Dating the Earth

Magnetism
•  Magnetic Earth (ELI+)
•  Recipe for a magnetic Earth and a magnetic detector
•  Why won’t my compass work on the other side of the Equator?
•  Frozen magnetism (ELI+)
•  Magnetic stripes (ELI+)
•  Human magnets! (ELI+)
•  Did the continents move for you? (ELI+)

Maths in ELIs
•  Ice-thickness from scratch: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
•  Bucket for a pothole: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
•  How many sand grains are there in a bucket – or on a beach?

Minerals
•  Mineral or not?
•  Be a mineral expert 1 - beginning identification
•  Be a mineral expert 2 - identification with tests
•  Be a mineral expert 3 (ELI+) - Mineral foundations of everyday life
•  What is it made of?
•  Be a mineral expert 4 - Recycle your mobile phone
•  Identifying minerals - use your sense(s)!
•  Hydrothermal minerals - interactive
•  Jigging
•  Gold panning
•  Take it or leave it? - the geoconservation debate
•  Found in the ground: sorted!
•  Bowen's Reaction Series - Partial melting model (ELI+)
•  Make and use your own Plaster of Paris

Natural Hazards
•  ELI Natural Hazards category

Oceans and seas
•  High flow, low flow?: atmosphere and ocean in a tank
•  Atmosphere and ocean in a lunchbox
•  Why is the Dead Sea dead?
•  Current flows through straits (Marsili model)
•  The pattern of continents/oceans versus the pattern of life on Earth
•  Rubber ducks at sea
•  Measuring the depths of seas and oceans: How is it done?
•  Modelling sea-floor mapping
•  East Pacific traverse
•  Marie Tharp: ‘A woman scientist in a man’s world’

Palaeoenvironments (Palaeogeography)
•  Environmental detective
•  What was it like to be there? - bringing a fossil to life
•  What was it like to be there - in the rocky world?
•  Playground continents
•  Fieldwork: Applying ’the present is the key to the past’
•  Environmental detective
•  What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life
•  What layers are preserved?
•  Wriggling toes on ancient bedding planes

Evidence and explanation for the theory:-
•  Continental jigsaw puzzle (ELI+)
•  Earth time jigsaw puzzle
•  Geobattleships (ELI+)
•  Wegener’s ‘Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ‘Plate tectonics’ (ELI+)
•  Did the continents move for you? (ELI+)
•  Wandering continents

Mechanism:-
•  Bouncing, bending, breaking
•  Mantle plume in a beaker (ELI+)
•  What drives the plates?
•  What drives the plates? The evidence
•  What drives the plates? In slab pull, what is it that pulls?
•  What drives the plates? Modelling slab pull
•  Plate driving mechanisms

Constructive or divergent plate margins:-
•  Mantle plume in a beaker (ELI+)
•  Magnetic stripes (ELI+)
•  Model a spreading ocean offset by transform faults (ELI+)
•  Continental split - the opening of the Atlantic Ocean
•  Faults in a Mars^TM Bar
•  Mars^TM margins - diverged, converged and transformed
•  Fastest spreading ocean

Destructive or convergent plate margins:-
•  Continents in collision (ELI+)
•  Himalayas in 30 seconds
•  Margarine mountain-building
•  Banana benders
•  Swiss roll surgery
•  View from above: living tectonism
•  From folds to crustal shortening: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
•  Mars^TM margins - diverged, converged and transformed

Plate tectonics explains deep rock cycle-
•  Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: lithification
•  Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: deformation and metamorphism

Plate tectonics - UPDATES:-
•  UPDATE: Recent research in plate tectonics (2020)
•  UPDATE: Joides Resolution research ship (2020)

Resources
•  Fracking: Recipe for the perfect fracking fluid
•  Make your own oil and gas reservoir
•  Trapped! Why can’t oil and gas escape from their underground prison?
•  Where shall we drill for oil?
•  Where does offshore oil come from?
•  Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+)
•  Riches in the river
•  Gold prospectors
•  A smelter on a stick
•  Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama (ELI+)
•  Power through the window
•  Rock power: geothermal power simulations (ELI+)
•  Quarry through the window - what would you see, what would you not see?
•  Why is the Dead Sea dead?
•  Make and use your own Plaster of Paris
•  Plugging future global energy gap
•  Future power: predicting future power sources (ELI+)

Rocks
•  Rock detective - rocky clues to the past
•  From ‘Rock detective’ to ‘Laying out the rock cycle’
•  Modelling for rocks - what’s hidden inside and why?
•  Space within - the porosity of rocks
•  Does my rock hold water and will water flow through it?
•  What was it like to be there - in the rocky world?
•  Found in the ground: sorted!
•  ‘Rockery 1’ - rock game
•  Rock Explorers (ELI Early years)
•  Design your own rocky play-park
•  Rock grain cut out
•  When are soft rocks tough, and hard rocks weak?
•  Recreating the rocks
•  Rock is a time capsule

Rock Cycle
Rock cycle - whole concept:-
•  Rock cycle through the window
•  Rock cycle in wax
•  Laying out the rock cycle: product and process
•  From ‘Rock detective’ to ‘Laying out the rock cycle’
•  Rock cycle at your fingertips
•  Not misunderstanding the rock cycle
•  James Hutton or ‘Mr. Rock Cycle’
•  ‘Rockery 2’ - rock cycle game
•  Sand on a sill

Weathering:-
•  Weathering / erosion - misconceptions
•  Weathering - rocks breaking up and breaking down
•  Will my gravestone last?
•  Cracking apart
•  Freeze-thaw weathering
•  Ice power (ELI+)
•  Weathering limestone - with my own breath! (ELI+)
•  Karstic scenery - in 60 seconds
•  Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face - weathering
•  Lego^TM bricks and sedimentary processes

Erosion:-
•  Weathering / erosion - misconceptions
•  Rock, rattle and roll
•  When are soft rocks tough, and hard rocks weak?
•  Mighty river in a small gutter
•  Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers
•  Changing coastlines
•  Dust bowl
•  Grinding and gouging
•  Why does soil get washed away?
•  Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face - erosion
•  Bucket for a pothole: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
•  Lego^TM bricks and sedimentary processes
•  How can storms affect erosion rates?

Transportation:-
•  Rolling, hopping, floating and invisibly moving along
•  Mighty river in a small gutter
•  Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers
•  Dust bowl
•  Lego^TM bricks and sedimentary processes

Deposition:-
•  Mighty river in a small gutter
•  Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers
•  Dust bowl
•  From river sediment to stripy rocks
•  Lego^TM bricks and sedimentary processes
•  What layers are preserved?

Sediments to sedimentary rock:-
•  Make your own rock
•  From river sediment to stripy rocks
•  What layers are preserved?
•  How do sedimentary beds form?

Metamorphism:-
•  Metamorphism - that’s Greek for ‘change of shape’ isn’t it?
•  Squeezed out of shape
•  Deformed trilobites
•  Metamorphic aureole in a tin (ELI+)
•  Factors controlling metamorphism (ELI+)

Igneous processes:-
•  Blow up your own volcano
•  ‘Crystallisation’ in a pudding dish
•  See how they run
•  Unfair ‘build your own crystal’race
•  Volcano in the lab
•  Why do igneous rocks have different crystal sizes?
•  Partial melting - simple process, huge global impact (ELI+)
•  Partial melting model and real rock (ELI+)

Uplift and fold mountains:-
•  Banana benders
•  Himalayas in 30 seconds
•  Margarine mountain-building
•  Swiss roll surgery
•  View from above: living tectonism
•  From folds to crustal shortening: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
•  Modelling by hand ‘when the youngest rock is not on top’
•  Modelling Earth stresses with your hands
•  Modelling folding - by hand
•  Right way up or upside down? - modelling anti- and synforms by hand
•  Visualising plunging folds - with your hands and a piece of paper

Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics-
•  Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: lithification
•  Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: deformation and metamorphism

Sedimentary structures
•  Cross-bedding and ‘way-up’
•  Cross bedding and ancient currents
•  Make your own cross-bedding
•  Graded bedding
•  Imbrication
•  Load casts
•  Mudcracks - cracking the clues
•  Sand ripple marks in a tank
•  Sand ripple marks in a washbowl
•  Sole marks
•  Make your own sedimentary structures
•  What was it like to be there? - clues in sediment which bring an environment to life

Soils
•  Make your own soil
•  Soil doughnuts
•  Soil layers puzzle
•  Permeability of soils - ‘The great soil race’
•  Why does soil get washed away?
•  Darwin’s ‘big soil idea’
•  Questions for any rock face 3: soil
•  Is there life in this soil sample?
•  Where on Earth is no soil found?

Structural geology
•  Himalayas in 30 seconds
•  Valley in 30 seconds!
•  Margarine mountain-building
•  Banana benders
•  Continents in collision (ELI+)
•  Geological mapwork from models 5: folded geology on block models (ELI+)
•  Opengeoscience 2: tilted and folded rocks (ELI+)
•  Swiss roll surgery
•  View from above
•  From folds to crustal shortening: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
•  Modelling folding - by hand
•  Right way up or upside down? - modelling anti- and synforms by hand
•  Modelling faulting - by hand
•  Modelling by hand ‘when the youngest rock is not on top’
•  Visualising plunging folds - with your hands and a piece of paper
•  Fieldwork: Interactive re-creation
•  Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 8 - faults
•  Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 7 - tilted or folded rocks

Structure of the Earth
•  From clay balls to the structure of the Earth (ELI+)
•  Bouncing, bending, breaking
•  Magnetic Earth (ELI+)
•  From an orange to the whole Earth
•  A core activity
•  Journey to the centre of the Earth - on a toilet roll
•  Isostasy 1; modelling the state of ‘balance’ of the Earth’s outer layers (ELI+)

Volcanoes
•  Blow up your own volcano!
•  Bubble-mania
•  Party time for volcanoes!
•  Take a ‘Chance’ on the volcano erupting
•  The balloon goes up at Krakatoa
•  See how they run
•  Volcano in the lab
•  A “mantle plume” in a beaker (ELI+)
•  Hotspots (ELI+)
•  Volcanoes and dykes / jelly and cream - radial dykes
•  Collapsing volcanoes - cauldron subsidence
•  Best classroom eruption?

Watery activities
•  Changing state - transforming water
•  Mini-world water cycle
•  Water cycle world
•  ‘Tagging’ water molecules (ELI+)
•  Cycling water and heat in the lab - and the globe (ELI+)
•  Water - a matter of taste or a taste of matter?
•  Well, well, well!
•  From rain to spring:water from the ground
•  Space within - the porosity of rocks
•  Modelling for rocks: what’s hidden inside - and why?
•  Permeabiity of soils - ‘The great soil race’
•  Watery world of underground chemistry (ELI+)
•  ‘Water, water everywhere but not a drop to drink’
•  Watery world game (ELI Early years)

UK examinations
•  16 - 18 years
•  14 - 16 years

Cross-curricular topics
•  Geo-art: paintings to sculptures inspired by all things ‘geo’
•  Geo-literature: poems and stories inspired by all things ‘geo’
•  Geo-music - music inspired by all things ‘geo’
•  Earthquakes in art
•  Back in time
•  Rocks music