Chemistry in ELIs
• Carbon goes round and round and round
• Carbon cycle through the window
• ‘Tag’ a carbon atom - and explore the carbon cycle
• Earth’s atmosphere - step by step evolution
• Watery world of underground chemistry
• Space survival: how could we survive a year in a dome?
• What am I made of?
• A smelter on a stick (ELI+)
• Salt of the Earth
• Why is the Dead Sea dead?
• The unfair ‘build your own crystal’ race
• ‘Crystallisation’ in a pudding dish
• Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+)
• Be a mineral expert 3 - the mineral foundations of everyday life
• What is it made of?
• Weathering limestone - with my own breath! (ELI+)
• Karstic scenery - in 60 seconds
• Calcium carbonate misconceptions
• Oxygen isotope sweet simulation (ELI+)
• Interpret Earth temperatures from simulated deep-sea and ice cores (ELI+)
• ‘Tagging’ nitrogen atoms - to explore the nitrogen cycle
• Melting and boiling – the influence of pressure (ELI+)
Climate change
• Oxygen isotope sweet simulation (ELI+)
• Interpret Earth temperatures from simulated deep-sea and ice cores (ELI+)
• Ice core evidence for climate change (ELI+)
• Back in time
• Modelling tipping points - by hands
• Measuring climate change
• Greenhouse effect
• Melting ice and sea level change 1 - sea ice melts
• Melting ice and sea level change 2 - ice caps melt
Earthquakes
• Earthquake prediction - when will the earthquake strike?
• Earthquake through the window - what would you see, what would you feel?
• Geobattleships (ELI+)
• Quake shake - will my home collapse?
• Shaken but not stirred?
• Surviving an earthquake
• Waves in the Earth 1: the slinky simulation (ELI+)
• Waves in the Earth 2: human molecules (ELI+)
• Merry waves - all year round
• An earthquake in your classroom
• Modelling earthquake wave amplification
• Earthquakes in art
• Spaghetti quakes
• Slinky seismic waves demo
Earth in Space
• ELI Earth in Space category
ELI Early years
• Found in the ground: sorted!
• Make your own rock
• Fossil or not?
• Dig up the dinosaur
• Fossilise! - fossil game
• Make your own soil
• Changing state - transforming water
• Watery world game
• Gold prospectors
• Pirates and buried treasure
• Sensory treasure hunt
• Rock Explorers
• Rock builder
• LegoTM bricks and sedimentary processes
• Recreating the rocks
• What colour was the world in the past?
Engineering geology
• Testing rocks 1 - bouncing back
• Testing rocks 2 - ‘Splat’!
• Fluids, friction and failure
• Electrical ground probing (ELI+)
• Dam burst danger
• Under pressure (ELI+)
• Roadstone - which rock?
• Boring chocolate!
Environment
• Atmosphere and ocean in a lunchbox
• High flow, low flow? - atmosphere and ocean in a tank
• Fieldwork: Applying ’the present is the key to the past’
• Environmental detective
• What was it like to be there? – clues in sediment which bring an environment to life
• Fieldwork: Environmental evaluation
• Now and then
• Take it or leave it? - the geoconservation debate
• So, you want to conserve a geodiversity site
• Fifty million years into the future
• View to the future – and the past
• Sustainable development
• Climate on arrival
• What layers are preserved?
Evolution of Life
• Fifty million years into the future
• Sea shell survival
• Sorting out the evolution of evolution headlines (ELI+))
• Time-line in your own backyard
• Toilet roll of time
• How many Great Great Great Great Grandparents?
• How many Beany Beetles? - the evolution game
• Fossil record: Shell shake - survival of the toughest
• Continents versus biodiversity (ELI+)
Fieldwork
• Fieldwork safety
• Earth science out-of-doors: preserving the evidence
• Rocks from the big screen
• Building stones 1 - general resource
• Will my gravestone last?
• Rock around school (investigating building materials)
• Building stones 2 - Igneous rocks
• Building stones 3 - Sedimentary rocks
• Building stones 4 - Metamorphic rocks
• Building stones - urban fieldwork
• What was it like to be there - in the rocky world?
• Fieldwork: Applying ‘the present is the key to the past’
• Fieldwork: the ‘All powerful’ strategy
• Questions for any rock face - planning for fieldwork
• Questions for any rock face 1: weathering
• Questions for any rock face 2: erosion
• Questions for any rock face 3: soil
• Questions for any rock face 4: rock group (sedimentary or igneous)
• Questions for any rock face 5: sedimentary grains
• Questions for any rock face 6: fossils
• Questions for any rock face 7: tilted or folded rocks
• Questions for any rock face 8: faults
• Questions for any rock face 9: metamorphic rock
• Questions for any rock face 10: sequencing geological events
• Questions for any rock face 11: tectonic plates
• Questions for any rock face 12: potential of the quarry or cutting
• Questions for any rock face 13: quarry economics
• Questions for any rock face 14: recording geological data
• Interactive re-creation
• The view from the site
• Rock around your school (investigating building materials)
• Filling the gap – picturing the unconformity ‘abyss of time’?
• Now and then
• The ‘What makes a good educational experience’ approach to planning fieldwork
(ELI for Educators)
Fossils
• Fossil or not?
• Fossilise! - fossil game (ELI Early years)
• Running the fossilisation film backwards
• What was it like to be there? - bringing a fossil to life
• How could I become fossilised?
• Curious creatures
• Fifty million years into the future
• Mary Anning: Mother of Palaeontology
• Trace fossils - burrows or borings
• Trail making
• Who ate the ammonite?
• Ammonites: the ups and downs
• Shell shake - survival of the toughest
• Questions for any rock face 6: fossils
Dinosaurs
• Dig up the dinosaur
• Dinosaur death - did it die or was it killed?
• Dinosaur in the yard
• How to weigh a dinosaur
• Meeting of the dinosaurs - 100 million years ago
Geological Mapwork
• Geological mapwork from scratch 1: a conical hill
• 2: valley with simple geology
• 3: valley with dipping geology
• Geological mapwork from models 1: plain with simple geology
• 2: cuesta with simple geology
• 3: valley with horizontal floor
• 4: sloping ridge and valley
• 5: folded geology on block models
• 6: plain with faults in the direction of dip
• 7: plain with faults parallel to the outcrops of the beds
• 8: plain with different types of fault
• DIY dip and strike model
• Geological mapwork: using surface geology to make a geological map
• Jelly BabiesTM and 3D maps (ELI+)
• Opengeoscience 1: igneous intrusions and lavas
• Opengeoscience 2: tilted and folded rocks
Geological Time
• ELI Geological Time category
Geophysics
• Modelling remote sensing geophysics (ELI+)
• Electrical ground probing
• From clay balls to the structure of the Earth (ELI+)
• Oxygen isotope sweet simulation (ELI+)
• Interpret Earth temperatures from simulated deep-sea and ice cores (ELI+)
• Modelling Earth stresses with your hands
• Melting and boiling – the influence of pressure (ELI+)
Glaciation
• Isostasy 2; ‘bouncing back’ after the ice (ELI+)
• Grinding and gouging
• Evidence from the deep freeze under or near the ice sheets
• Ice-thickness from scratch: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
Great Scientists
• Darwin’s ‘big coral atoll idea’
• Darwin’s ‘big soil idea’
• James Hutton or ‘Mr. Rock Cycle’
• Wegener’s ‘Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ‘Plate tectonics’ (ELI+)
• Mary Anning - Mother of Palaeontology
• William Smith - ‘The Father of English Geology’
• Charles Lyell and Mount Etna 1828 - Dating the Earth
Magnetism
• Magnetic Earth (ELI+)
• Recipe for a magnetic Earth and a magnetic detector
• Why won’t my compass work on the other side of the Equator?
• Frozen magnetism (ELI+)
• Magnetic stripes (ELI+)
• Human magnets! (ELI+)
• Did the continents move for you? (ELI+)
Maths in ELIs
• Ice-thickness from scratch: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
• Bucket for a pothole: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
Minerals
• Mineral or not?
• Be a mineral expert 1 - beginning identification
• Be a mineral expert 2 - identification with tests
• Be a mineral expert 3 (ELI+) - Mineral foundations of everyday life
• What is it made of?
• Be a mineral expert 4 - Recycle your mobile phone
• Identifying minerals - use your sense(s)!
• Hydrothermal minerals - interactive
• Jigging
• Gold panning
• Take it or leave it? - the geoconservation debate
• Found in the ground: sorted!
• Bowen's Reaction Series - Partial melting model (ELI+)
• Make and use your own Plaster of Paris
Natural Hazards
• ELI Natural Hazards category
Oceans
• High flow, low flow?: atmosphere and ocean in a tank
• Atmosphere and ocean in a lunchbox
• Why is the Dead Sea dead?
• Current flows through straits (Marsili model)
• The pattern of continents/oceans versus the pattern of life on Earth
• Rubber ducks at sea
Palaeoenvironments (Palaeogeography)
• Environmental detective
• What was it like to be there? - bringing a fossil to life
• What was it like to be there - in the rocky world?
• Playground continents
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Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics - whole concept:-
• Partial melting - simple process, huge global impact (ELI+)
• Partial melting model and real rock (ELI+)
• Plate riding
• Plate tectonics through the window (ELI+)
• Plate margins and movement by hand
• Heat transfer - The heat is on
• Top and bottom of a tectonic plate
Evidence and explanation for the theory:-
• Continental jigsaw puzzle (ELI+)
• Earth time jigsaw puzzle
• Geobattleships (ELI+)
• Wegener’s ‘Continental drift’ meets Wilson’s ‘Plate tectonics’ (ELI+)
• Did the continents move for you? (ELI+)
Mechanism:-
• Bouncing, bending, breaking
• Mantle plume in a beaker (ELI+)
• What drives the plates?
• Plate driving mechanisms
Constructive or divergent plate margins:-
• Mantle plume in a beaker (ELI+)
• Magnetic stripes (ELI+)
• Model a spreading ocean offset by transform faults (ELI+)
• Continental split - the opening of the Atlantic Ocean
• Faults in a MarsTM Bar
• Fastest spreading ocean
Destructive or convergent plate margins:-
• Continents in collision (ELI+)
• Himalayas in 30 seconds
• Margarine mountain-building
• Banana benders
• Swiss roll surgery
• View from above: living tectonism
• From folds to crustal shortening: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
Plate tectonics explains deep rock cycle-
• Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: lithification
• Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: deformation and metamorphism
Plate tectonics - UPDATES:-
• UPDATE: Recent research in plate tectonics (2020)
• UPDATE: Joides Resolution research ship (2020)
Resources
• Fracking: Recipe for the perfect fracking fluid
• Make your own oil and gas reservoir
• Trapped! Why can’t oil and gas escape from their underground prison?
• Where shall we drill for oil?
• Where does offshore oil come from?
• Interactive hydrothermal mineralisation (ELI+)
• Riches in the river
• Gold prospectors
• A smelter on a stick
• Which power source? - solving the crisis in Kiama
• Power through the window
• Rock power: geothermal power simulations (ELI+)
• Quarry through the window - what would you see, what would you not see?
• Why is the Dead Sea dead?
• Make and use your own Plaster of Paris
Rocks
• Rock detective - rocky clues to the past
• From ‘Rock detective’ to ‘Laying out the rock cycle’
• Modelling for rocks - what’s hidden inside and why?
• Space within - the porosity of rocks
• Does my rock hold water and will water flow through it?
• What was it like to be there - in the rocky world?
• Found in the ground: sorted!
• ‘Rockery 1’ - rock game
• Rock Explorers (ELI Early years)
• Design your own rocky play-park
• Rock grain cut out
• When are soft rocks tough, and hard rocks weak?
• Recreating the rocks
Rock Cycle
Rock cycle - whole concept:-
• Rock cycle through the window
• Rock cycle in wax
• Laying out the rock cycle: product and process
• From ‘Rock detective’ to ‘Laying out the rock cycle’
• Rock cycle at your fingertips
• Not misunderstanding the rock cycle
• James Hutton or ‘Mr. Rock Cycle’
• ‘Rockery 2’ - rock cycle game
• Sand on a sill
Weathering:-
• Weathering / erosion - misconceptions
• Weathering - rocks breaking up and breaking down
• Will my gravestone last?
• Cracking apart
• Freeze-thaw weathering
• Ice power (ELI+)
• Weathering limestone - with my own breath! (ELI+)
• Karstic scenery - in 60 seconds
• Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face - weathering
• LegoTM bricks and sedimentary processes
Erosion:-
• Weathering / erosion - misconceptions
• Rock, rattle and roll
• When are soft rocks tough, and hard rocks weak?
• Mighty river in a small gutter
• Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers
• Changing coastlines
• Dust bowl
• Grinding and gouging
• Why does soil get washed away?
• Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face - erosion
• Bucket for a pothole: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
• LegoTM bricks and sedimentary processes
Transportation:-
• Rolling, hopping, floating and invisibly moving along
• Mighty river in a small gutter
• Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers
• Dust bowl
• LegoTM bricks and sedimentary processes
Deposition:-
• Mighty river in a small gutter
• Investigating small-scale sedimentary processes AND modelling mighty rivers
• Dust bowl
• From river sediment to stripy rocks
• LegoTM bricks and sedimentary processes
• What layers are preserved?
Sediments to sedimentary rock:-
• Make your own rock
• From river sediment to stripy rocks
• What layers are preserved?
• How do sedimentary beds form?
Sedimentary structures:-
• Cross-bedding and ‘way-up’
• Cross bedding and ancient currents
• Make your own cross-bedding
• Graded bedding
• Imbrication
• Load casts
• Mudcracks - cracking the clues
• Sand ripple marks in a tank
• Sand ripple marks in a washbowl
• Sole marks
• What was it like to be there? - clues in sediment which bring an environment to life
Metamorphism:-
• Metamorphism - that’s Greek for ‘change of shape’ isn’t it?
• Squeezed out of shape
• Metamorphic aureole in a tin (ELI+)
Igneous processes:-
• Blow up your own volcano
• ‘Crystallisation’ in a pudding dish
• See how they run
• Unfair ‘build your own crystal’race
• Volcano in the lab
• Why do igneous rocks have different crystal sizes?
• Partial melting - simple process, huge global impact (ELI+)
• Partial melting model and real rock (ELI+)
Uplift and fold mountains:-
• Banana benders
• Himalayas in 30 seconds
• Margarine mountain-building
• Swiss roll surgery
• View from above: living tectonism
• From folds to crustal shortening: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
• Modelling by hand ‘when the youngest rock is not on top’
• Modelling Earth stresses with your hands
• Modelling folding - by hand
• Right way up or upside down? - modelling anti- and synforms by hand
• Visualising plunging folds - with your hands and a piece of paper
Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics-
• Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: lithification
• Deep rock cycle explained by plate tectonics: deformation and metamorphism
Soils
• Make your own soil
• Soil doughnuts
• Soil layers puzzle
• Permeability of soils - ‘The great soil race’
• Why does soil get washed away?
• Darwin’s ‘big soil idea’
• Questions for any rock face 3: soil
• Is there life in this soil sample?
• Where on Earth is no soil found?
Structural geology
• Himalayas in 30 seconds
• Valley in 30 seconds!
• Margarine mountain-building
• Banana benders
• Continents in collision (ELI+)
• Geological mapwork from models 5: folded geology on block models (ELI+)
• Opengeoscience 2: tilted and folded rocks (ELI+)
• Swiss roll surgery
• View from above
• From folds to crustal shortening: visualising past processes by calculation (ELI+)
• Modelling folding - by hand
• Right way up or upside down? - modelling anti- and synforms by hand
• Modelling faulting - by hand
• Modelling by hand ‘when the youngest rock is not on top’
• Visualising plunging folds - with your hands and a piece of paper
• Fieldwork: Interactive re-creation
• Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 8 - faults
• Fieldwork: Questions for any rock face 7 - tilted or folded rocks
Structure of the Earth
• From clay balls to the structure of the Earth (ELI+)
• Bouncing, bending, breaking
• Magnetic Earth (ELI+)
• From an orange to the whole Earth
• A core activity
• Journey to the centre of the Earth - on a toilet roll
• Isostasy 1; modelling the state of ‘balance’ of the Earth’s outer layers (ELI+)
Volcanoes
• Blow up your own volcano!
• Bubble-mania
• Party time for volcanoes!
• Take a ‘Chance’ on the volcano erupting
• The balloon goes up at Krakatoa
• See how they run
• Volcano in the lab
• A “mantle plume” in a beaker (ELI+)
• Hotspots (ELI+)
• Volcanoes and dykes / jelly and cream - radial dykes
• Collapsing volcanoes - cauldron subsidence
• Best classroom eruption?
Watery activities
• Changing state - transforming water
• Mini-world water cycle
• Water cycle world
• ‘Tagging’ water molecules (ELI+)
• Cycling water and heat in the lab - and the globe (ELI+)
• Water - a matter of taste or a taste of matter?
• Well, well, well!
• From rain to spring:water from the ground
• Space within - the porosity of rocks
• Modelling for rocks: what’s hidden inside - and why?
• Permeabiity of soils - ‘The great soil race’
• Watery world of underground chemistry (ELI+)
• ‘Water, water everywhere but not a drop to drink’
• Watery world game (ELI Early years)
UK examinations
• 16 - 18 years
• 14 - 16 years
Cross-curricular topics
• Geo-art: paintings to sculptures inspired by all things ‘geo’
• Geo-literature: poems and stories inspired by all things ‘geo’
• Geo-music - music inspired by all things ‘geo’
• Earthquakes in art
• Back in time
• Rocks music
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